| A | B |
|---|
| agrarianism | belief that the strength of a country is in its independent farmers |
| implied powers | powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but necessary for the government to do its job |
| nullification | states have the right to declare a f ederal law invalid if they consider the law unconstitutional |
| Whiskey Rebellion | a protest against direct taxes by farmers in Pennsylvania |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | unpopular laws that gave the president the right to deport non-citizens and made criticism of the government a criminal act |
| Marbury v. Madison | set the precedent for judicial review |
| judicial review | the Supreme Court may declare a law passed by Congress unconstitutional |
| Embargo Act of 1807 | unpopular act which cut off all trade with European nations to keep us out of war |
| Sacagawea | guide to the Lewis and Clark exploration team |
| Alexander Hamilton | first Secretary of Treasury |
| Thomas Jefferson | first Secretary of State |
| Lewis and Clark | explored the Louisiana Territory |
| France | country from which the U.S. bought the Louisiana Territory |
| impressment | British ships "kidnap" American sailors and force them to serve on British ships |
| Chesapeake Affair | an American ship is fired upon by British troops, angering Americans |
| War Hawks | a group of young Congressmen who wanted to go to war |
| Blockade | Both British and French ships stop and search American vessels prior to the War of 1812 |
| Bonds | Hamilton wanted to pay these in full, pleasing speculators and angering farmers |
| cabinet | group of advisors to the president |
| enumerated powers | powers specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
| Tariff of 1789 | increased taxes on imports |
| primary source | a firsthand account |
| secondary source | written using firsthand accounts |
| Jay's treaty | signed in 1794 between the U.S. and Great Britain; prevented war between the two countries |
| Pinckney's Treaty | signed in 1795; granted the U.S. the right to navigate the Misssissippi |
| sedition | incitement to rebellion |
| John Adams | president who favored the Alien and Sedition Act |
| Battle of New Orleans | fought 2 weeks after the War of 1812 was over |
| Oliver Perry | fought a famous battle on Lake Erie |
| Tecumseh | Shawnee leader who tried to unite the Native Americans |
| Treaty of Ghent | Treaty ending the War of 1812 |
| The Star Spangled Banner | written by Francis Scott Key during the Battle of Fort McHenry |
| Election of 1796 winner and Vice President | John Adams/Charles Pinckney |
| Election of 1800 winner and Vice President | Thomas Jefferson/Aaron Burr |
