| A | B |
|---|
| charters | a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area |
| joint stock company | a company in which investors buy stock in a company in return for a share of its profits |
| dissent | disagreement or opposition to an opinion |
| persecute | to treat someone harshly because of that person's beliefs or practices |
| toleration | the acceptance of different beliefs |
| patroons | landowners in the dutch colonies that ruled like kings over large areas of land |
| proprietary colony | colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted |
| pacifists | persons opposed to the use of war or violence to settle disputes |
| indentured servants | laborers who agreed to work without pay for a certain period in return for passage to the Americas |
| constitution | a formal plan of government |
| debtor | person or country that owes money |
| tenant farmers | farmers who work land owned by another and pay rent in cash or crops |
| missions | religious settlements |
| headright | a land grant for people that come to the New World or pay for others to come |
| Puritans | Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican church |
| Separatists | Protestants who wanted to leave the anglican church in order to found their own churches |
| Pilgrims | Separatists who journeyed to the colonies during the 1600's for religious purposes |
| Mayflower compact | formal document written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth Colony |
| Sir Francis Drake | English pirate who attacked spanish ships and ports |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | sent by Queen Elizabeth to stake claim to land in the New World. His men returned with a great report of Roanoke Island off the coast of present day North Carolina |
| John White | a map maker and artist who led a second group in hopes of settling Roanoke |
| Jamestown | name for the settlement of England near the Chesapeake Bay. It was settled and occupied by settlers sent by the Virginia Company of London |
| Captain John Smith | An experienced soldier whose leadership helped establish Jamestown and keep settlers focused on the true needs of the colony |
| John Rolfe | considered the father of the tobacco industry in the Americas. he brought the growing process from the West Indies and showed settlers how it should be planted |
| Pocahontas | married John Rolfe and opened up dialogue and the ability to have peace between the Indians and the settlers |
| House of Burgesses | the governing body of Virginia. It included 2 representatives from 10 of the colonial towns who would help establish local laws |
| William Bradford | Leader of the pilgrims who traveled to the Americas on the Mayflower |
| Cape Cod | First land sighted by those on the Mayflower |
| Massasoit | Wampanoag leader who signed a treaty with the pilgrims |
| John Winthrop | Led a Puritan group under the charter granted to the Massachusetts Bay Company. They settled an area north of Plymouth and called it Massachusetts |
| Great Migration | the movement of more than 15,000 Puritans to Massachusetts in the 1630's |
| Thomas Hooker | Minister, dissatisfied with the Massachusetts colonies approach to religion, who took his congregation to Connecticut and later founded the city of Hartford |
| Fundamental orders of Connecticut | plan of governmetn adopted by Hooker and his group. It was the first written constitution in America |
| Roger Williams | a minister who was also dissatisfied with the government of Massachusetts, and spoke out. He was banished by the leaders of Massachusetts. He led his congregation to Rhode Island, a colony set up for those forced out of Massachusetts. He went on to form the town of Providence |
| New Amsterdam | settlement on Manhattan Island by the Dutch West India Company as the center of New Netherland. It was established to encourage trade between the Dutch and the colonies |
| Peter Syuyvesant | governor of New Netherland when it was attacked by the English in 1644 |
| Duke of York | brother to King Charles II of England who was given control of New Netherland. He changed the name to New York |
| Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret | took over southern land from the Duke of York and changed the name to New Jersey |
| William Penn | wealthy English gentleman who was a part of a group known as the Society of Friends or Quakers. He was owed money by the King and in exchange for his debt was given land in the Americas. He established th3e Colony of Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia as a haven for those who suffered religious oppression |
| Quakers | believed that every person was equal in the eyes of God, and that each had an inner light that could guide them to salvation so church was unnecessary |
| Sir George Calvert | "Lord Baltimore" settled the colony of Maryland as a place for Catholics to seek refuge from hardships in London |
| Act of Toleration | Made it possible to freely worship any way you wish |
| Nathaniel Bacon | led "Bacon's Rebellion" or an attack on the Native Americans to show his displeasure with the way the government was handling the Indians |
| General James Oglethorpe | was given a charter for land to be used for poor or indebted English people to go and make a new start. He began the colony and called it Georgia |
| Cavelier & De La Salle | Traveled down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico on behalf of the French. Later claimed that land for France and named it Louisiana |
| Junipero Sierra | a Franciscan Monk who founded the mission of San Diego in present Day California. He then set up 8 more missions along a route called "El Camino Real" or the royal highway |
| map | drawing of the earth's surface on a flat surface |
| isthmus | narrow stretch of land connecting larger areas of land |
| three kinds of maps | physical, political, special purpose |
| Manchu Picchu | the religious center of the Incas |
| Quipus | form of record keeping using string |
| mercantilism | the belief that a state's power is based on its wealth |
| mosque | a Muslim house of worship |
| Bartolome de la Casa | spoke out against the harsh treatment of the Native Americans |
| Montezuma | leader of the Aztec empire |
| Mayan priests interested in astronomy | developed the 365-day calendar |
