| A | B |
|---|
| Abolitionism | movement to end slavery |
| Amend | the process of changing the Constitution |
| American System | 1815 plan to make U.S. economically self-suffcient |
| Anti-Federalists | people who opposed ratification of the Constitution |
| Appomattox Courthouse | where the south finally surrendered during the Civil War |
| Assimilation | the process of blending into society |
| Bacon's Rebellion | 1671 revolt against colonial authority |
| balance of power | the distribution of power between the 3 branches of government |
| Bank War | 1829-1830 attack by President Jackson on national bank |
| Battle of the Alamo | 1836 battle between Texans and the Mexican Army |
| Battle of Fallen Timber | 1794 conflict between Indian and colonists over control of the Northwest Territory |
| Battle of Gettysburg | 1683, ened the South's hope of winning a battle in the North |
| Battles of Lexington and Concord | 1775, first battles of the American Revolution |
| Battle of Vicksburg | 1863, south lost control of Mississippi River |
| Battle of Yorktown | 1781, last major campaign of the American Revolution |
| Battles Saratoga | 1777, turning point of the American Revolution |
| Bleeding Kansas | conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery people in Kansas, 1854-1859 |
| Blockade | when goods are prevented from going into or out of the area |
| Boston Massacre | 1770, conflict between British and colonists |
| Boston Tea Party | 1773, protest by colonists in which they dumped tea into Boston Harbor |
| Boycott | a refusal to buy certain goods |
| California Gold Rush | 1849, migration of people to the area after gold was discovered |
| cash crop | a crop grown to be sold rather than used by the farmer |
| charter | a contract given to someone established to a colony |
| checks and balances | each of the three bracnches or government limits the power of others |
| Columbian Exchange | the movement of plants, goods, and diseases between the New World and Europe |
| Compromise of 1877 | ended Reconstruction |
| Confederacy | the southern states who suceded |
| Confederation Congress | the first U.S. government |
| Constituents | the people who vote for a member of government |
| Constitutional Convention | 1787, the meeting of people that agreed on the Constitution |
| Continental Army | military of the colonist |
| Continental Congress | the group of leaders that governed the colonies during the Am. Rev. |
| cotton gin | 1795 invention by Eli Whitney that made processing cotton much easier |
| Crittenden Plan | 1861 plan that might have prevented secession |
| Cumberland Gap | was the principal route through the Appalachian Mts. |
| Democratic-Republicans | political party formed by Jefferson and Madison |
| doctrine of nullification | idea that states had the right to reject any law passed by congress |
| due process of law | everyone is entitled to be treated equally under the law |
| electoral college | a group of voters chosen by each state to elect the Pesident and Vice-President |
| Embargo | prevents ships from leaving the ports |
| Erie Canal | 1825 waterway connected Great Lakes to New York City |
| executive branch | the President and his cabinet |
| factory system | method of building goods that included many workers and machines working in one place |
| federalism | a system of sharing power between the states and the national government |
| Federalists | suppported ratification of the Constitution |
| foreign policy | relations with governments of other countries |
| Fort Sumter | beginning of the Civil War |
| Freedmans Bureau | federal agency set up to help former slaves in the south |
| free enterprise system | an economic system that has few government restrictions |
| Free-Soil Party | political party formed in 1846 to stop the spread of slavery |
| French and Indian War | 1754-1763, world-wide war between France and England |
| Fundamental Orders Connecticut | puritan plan of government in Connecticut |
| Great Awakening | religious revival |
| Great Compromise | agreement reached during the consitutional convention that created the American system of government |
| habeas corpus | no one can be held by the government without cause |
| Harpers Ferry | 1859 slave revolt |
| Impeachment | the process of accusing a government official of wrongdoing |
| indentured servant | someone who agreed to work for an employer in exchange for passage to the New World |
| individual rights | a personal liberty guaranteed by the Bill of Rights |
| industrialization | an economy begins to be based on factories instead of farming |
| Jacksonian Democracy | the idea that as many people as possible should be able to vote |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in the New World in 1607 |
| judical branch | the Supreme Court has the right to review all laws made by Congress |
| King Philip's War | war between Puritans and Indians, 1675-1676 |
| legislative branch | the House of Representatives and the Senate; the branch that makes the laws |
| Lewis and Clark expedition | group that explored the lands of the Louisiana Purchase |
| limited government | everyone, even selected officials, must ovey the laws |
| Louisiana Purchase | treaty with France in 1803that allowed U.S. to acquire vast extent of land |
| Lowell Mills | textile mills founded in 1826 |
| Loyalist | someone loyal to England during American Revolution |
| manifest destiny | idea that American had a right to all the land between the east and west coasts |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 agreement between Pilgrims to establish a government in the New World |
| melting pot | idea American culture is a blend of many different cultures |
| mercantilism | economic system in which England controlled the trade of the colonies |
| Mexican Cession | land in Southwest given up by Mexico in 1848 after the Mexican war |
| Mexican War | war between the U.S. and Mexico, 1846-1848 |
| middle passage | journey of captured Africans to the New World to be sold as slaves |
| milita | armed civilians who are supposed to defend their communities |
| Mormons | group of people who moved west to avoid religious persecution |
| Neutral | to not become allies with any country |
| New Jersey Plan | plan of government that the constitutional convention considered |
| Northwest Territory | land that formed the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois |
| Oregon Trail | trail from Missouri to Oregon |
| Patriot | someone who supported the American Revolution |
| Pilgrims | founded the Plymouth colony |
| Plantation | large farm that raises cash crops |
| political party | group of poeple that supports a candidate running for a government position |
| popular sovereignty | government in which the poeple have the power |
| Puritans | settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Radical Republicans | wanted to use the federal government to impose a new order on the South and wanted to grant citizenship rights to former slaves |
| Ratification | the process of approving the Constition |
| Reconstruction | process of re-admitting southern states into the Union |
| representative government | system of government in which officials are elected in order to represent the interests of the voters |
| republicanism | the idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed |
| Republican Party | political party formed in 1854 |
| royal colony | a colony ruled by governors appointed by the king |
| salutary neglect | English policy of not interfering in the colonies |
| Santa Fe Trail | a trail from Missouri to New Mexico |
| Secession | withdrawel of southern states from the Union |
