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Enlightenment Vocabulary - Practice

The Enlightenment occurred during the 1700s. It was after the Renaissance and Reformation and before the American and French Revolution.
The Enlightenment was the application of science and reason to the world. Before the Enlightenment people used laws of nature to government science. These ideas lead Enlightenment thinkers to consider there might be laws that also government "human" nature.
The Enlightenment Thinkers are Thomas Hobbes (Social Contract), John Locke (natural rights), Voltaire (freedom of thought) Baron de Montesquieu (separation of powers) and Jean Jaques Rousseau (Socialism for the good of the community).
The Enlightenment Thinkers accepted Social Contract theory and rejected Divine Right Kings. Divine Right Kings governed without the consent of the people.
The Enlightenment Thinkers laid the foundation for American political thought. They inspired Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence (life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and consent of the governed) and James Madison to write the Constitution (separation of powers and "We the people...")
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EnlightenmentEurope and American began to think differently during the 18th century because of political and social changes.
natural rightsa belief ALL PEOPLE are born with rights such as life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
rationaliststhese people believe in "self-evident truths" and logic
Empiricistsbelieved that not all knowledge is "self-evident" and that knowledge should come from observation and experimentation
John Locke (1632 - 1704)wrote about "natural rights" and influenced Thomas Jefferson
tabula rasameans "clean slate" Locke believed people were born with this and their knowledge comes from life experience
Montesquieu (1689 - 1784)wrote "The Spirit of Laws" which explains the 3 branches of government
Jean -Jacques Rousseau (1717 - 1826)wrote "The Social Contract" criticising the aristocracy and he also thought the church should not educate children
Thomas Jefferson (1743 - 1826)influence by John Locke to write Declaration of Independence
common goodan effort by individuals to work together for the benefit of all

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