| A | B |
|---|
| allele | alternative forms of a single gene |
| artificial selection | control of mating by choosing parents for the next generation |
| carrier | a heterozygote for a gene that does not show the trait |
| consanguineous mating | mating between blood relatives |
| cross-fertilization | brushing pollen from one plant on female parts of another |
| dihybrid | an individual heterozygous for two genes at once |
| dominant | when an allele expresses it phenotype when only one copy is present |
| gene | basic unit of biological information composed of DNA |
| genetics | study of inheritance patterns |
| genotype | actual alleles present in an individual |
| heredity | the way genes are passed from parents to offspring |
| heterozygous | genotype with two different alleles for the same trait |
| homozygous | genotype with a single allele type for each trait |
| independent assortment | random separation of genes during gamete formation |
| monohybrid | an individual heterozygous for a single trait |
| pedigree | chart tracing mating relationships and trait expression in a family |
| phenotype | physical appearance of an individual |
| pure-breeding line | organisms that produce offspring with only the parental characteristics |
| recessive | when an allele is expressed only in the homozygous condition |
| reciprocal cross | cross in which male and female traits are reversed |
| self-fertilization | mating in which eggs and pollen come from the same plant |
| test-cross | when an individual of ambiguous phenotype is mated with a recessive individual |
| zygote | diploid cell formed by fusion of egg and sperm in sexual reproduction |
| segregation | equal separation of alleles for each trait during gamete formation |
