| A | B |
|---|
| Physical Layer | The standards layer that governs physical transmission between adjacent devices; OSI Layer 1. |
| Data Link Layer | The layer that governs transmission within a single network all the way from the source station to the destination station across zero or more switches; Layer 2 in OSI. |
| Internet Layer | The layer that governs the transmission of a packet across an entire internet. |
| Transport Layer | The layer that governs communication between two hosts; Layer 4 in both OSI and TCP/IP. |
| Application Layer | The standards layer that governs how two applications communicate with each other; Layer 7 in OSI, Layer 5 in TCP/IP. |
| Connectionless | Type of conversation that does not use explicit openings and closings. |
| Connection-Oriented | Type of conversation in which there is a formal opening of the interactions, a formal closing, and maintenance of the conversation in between. |
| OSI | The Reference Model of Open Systems Interconnection; the 7-layer network standards architecture created by ISO and ITU-T; dominant at the physical and data link layers, which govern transmission within single networks (LANs or WANs). |
| OSI Presentation Layer (Layer 6) | The layer designed to handle data formatting differences between two communicating computers. |
| OSI Session Layer (Layer 5) | The layer that initiates and maintains a connection between application programs on different computers. |
| OSI Application Layer (Layer 7) | The layer that governs application-specific matters not covered by the OSI Presentation Layer or the OSI Session Layer. |
| Hybrid TCP/IP-OSI Standards Architecture | The architecture that uses OSI standards at the physical and data link layers and TCP/IP standards at the internet, transport, and application layers; dominant in corporations today. |
| TCP/IP | The Internet Engineering Tasks Forces standards architecture; dominant above the data link layer. |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) | The protocol that governs interactions between the browser and webserver application program. |
| Ethernet Address | The 48-bit address the stations have on an Ethernet network; often written in hexadecimal notation for human reading. |
| IPX/SPX Architecture | Non-TCP/IP standards architecture found at upper layers in LANs; required on all older Novell NetWare file servers. |
| Systems Network Architecture (SNA) | The standards architecture traditionally used by IBM mainframe computers. |
| AppleTalk | Apple’s proprietary architecture for use on Macintosh computers. |
