| A | B |
|---|
| Agricultural Revolution | changes in farming techiques in the 1600's which resulted in the use of machines and increased production and decreased the need for large numbers of workers |
| Anesthetic | chemical used as a painkiller, first used during surgeries |
| antiseptic | chemical used to kill bacteria, first in operating rooms |
| apprentice | young person learning a trade from a master |
| balance of trade | difference between how much a country imports and exports - exports - imports = balance of trade |
| capitalism | economic system in which the ownership of land and wealth is for the most part in the hands of private individuals |
| command economy | economic system in which the government makes all the decisions about what should be produced, how much to produce and the selling price |
| commericial revolution | business revolution that occurred in Europe after the Middle Ages - involved a money economy, and the establishment of colonies |
| Communist Manifesto | pamphlet published by Marx & Engels stating their ideas about the problems of the world, that the history of the world is a history of class struggle, and the workers of the world should rise up and overthrow the factory owners. - encouraging revolt |
| cotton gin | machine invented by Eli Whitney to separate seeds from cotton fibers |
| developed nation | country with a high level of technology, industry and an educational system |
| enclosure | process of taking over and fencing off land once used as common land once shared by peasants and small farmers - decreased the number of small farms |
| factory | place in which workers and machines are brought together to produce large quantities of goods |
| factory system | system of manufacturing based on the concentration of industry into large establishments |
| flying shuttle | invented by John Kay, a machine making it possible for one person instead of two to operate a weaving loom, it allowed for faster weaving. |
| fossil fuels | fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas - fuels which burn fossilized matter - the burning of fossil fuels cause air pollution, the greenhouse effect and depletion of the ozone layer |
| Green Revolution | development of new varieties of plants and improved agricultural techniques that increase crop (yields) out put. |
| guild | a type of trade association of merchants or artisans that was active during the Middle Ages, they controlled prices, wages and apprenticeships |
| humanism | intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects instead of religious ones. |
| imperialism | a policy by which one nations dominates or takes over another entire country or area and controls the political, economic and/or cultural life of that country or area |
