| A | B |
|---|
| achieved statuses | positions that are earned, accomplished, or involve at least some effort or activity on the individual's part |
| ascribed statuses | positions an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life |
| division of labor | how work is divided among the members of a group |
| group | people who regularly and consciously interact with one another; in a general sense, people who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common is significant |
| horticultural society | a society based on the cultivation of plants by the use of hand tools |
| hunting and gathering society | a society dependent on hunting and gathering for survival |
| Industrial Revolution | the third social revolution; it occurred when machines powered by fuels replaced most animal and human power |
| macrosociology | analysis of social life that focuses on broad features of social structure, such as social class and the relationships of groups to one another; an approach usually used by functionalist and conflict theorists |
| master status | a status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies |
| microsociology | analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; an approach usually used by symbolic interactionists |
| pastoral society | a society based on the pasturing of animals |
| role | the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status |
| role conflict | conflict that someone feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible with the expectations of another role |
| role strain | conflicts that someone feels within a role |
| social class | a large number of people with similar amounts of income and education who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige |
| social cohesion | the degree to which members of a group or a society feel united by shared values and other social bonds |
| social construction of reality | the use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real |
| social institution | the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs |
| social interaction | what people do when they are in one another's presence |
| social structure | the relationship of people and groups to one another |
| society | a group of people who share a culture and a territory |
| status | the position that someone occupies; one's social ranking |
| status symbols | items used to identify a status |
