| A | B |
|---|
| geo- | means Earth |
| -logy | means study of |
| geology | means study of Earth |
| geologist | a person who studies geology |
| interior | inside |
| rock | the material that forms Earth's hard surface |
| constructive forces | forces that build up mountains and land masses on Earth's surface |
| destructive forces | forces that slowly wear away mountains and other features on the surface of the Earth |
| continent | a great land mass surrounded by oceans. There are 7 continents in all and 4 oceans. |
| seismic waves | a vibration that travels through Earth carrying energy released during an earthquake |
| temperature | amount of stored "heat" in an object, the deeper you go into the Earth's interior, the hotter it gets |
| pressure | the amount of force pushing on a surface or area |
| crust | a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface |
| basalt | a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture found in oceanic crust |
| granite | usually a light colored rock that is found in continental crust |
| mantel | a layer of hot, solid material between the crust and core |
| lithosphere | a rigid layer made up of the uppermost mantle and all of the crust |
| hydrosphere | all the water that exists in and around the Earth |
| atmosphere | all the gasses that are in and around the Earth |
| asthenosphere | a soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats |
| outer core | a layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core |
| inner core | a dense ball of solid metal in the center of the Earth; made of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) |
| magnetic fields | because the inner core spins a little faster than the outer core, it sets up this force field that helps protect the Earth |
| 3 ways used to pick sites for exploring faults | satellite images, aerial photographs, geologic maps |
| Golbi-Altay fault | located in the Mongolian Desert and is 100s of miles long |
