| A | B |
|---|
| What do we call a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals? | It's a chemical reaction. |
| Define "reactants". | They're the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction. |
| What is meant by the "product" of a chemical reaction? | This is the element or compound that is produced by a chemical reaction. |
| What is carbonic acid? | It is the product resulting from the combining of carbon dioxide with water. See the reaction on pg. 49. |
| How is the body able to handle carbon dioxide entering the bloodstream? | Once carbonic acid is formed, the bloodstream carries carbon dioxide to the lungs. There the reaction is reversed, so carbon dioxide is produced and released when exhaled. |
| Explain the difference between chemical reactions that release energy and those that absorb energy. | Those that release energy often occur spontaneously; those that absorb energy don't occur without a source of energy. |
| How do plants get energy? | They trap and store energy from the sunlight in energy-rich compounds. |
| How do animals get their energy? | They get energy when they consume plants of other animals. |
| How do humans release energy? | When humans metabolize or break down digested food (chemical reactions), they release energy needed for growing tall, breathing, thinking, etc. |
| What is activation energy? | It's the energy that is required to start a reaction. |
| What is catalase? | It's an enzyme that helps decompose the toxic hydrogen peroxide that is produced during normal cell activities. The products of the reaction are water and oxygen gas. |
| What is a catalyst? | It is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. |
| (review) What are enzymes? | They are proteins that act as biological catalysts. |
| What do enzymes do? | They speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. |
| How do enzymes work? | Thye lower the activation energy; this has a dramatic effect on how quickly the reaction is completed. They usually catalyze only one chemical reaction, so each enzyme is very specific. |
| What does carbonic anhydrase do? | It speeds up the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood; it makes immediate removal of the carbon dioxide from the bloodstream. (pg. 52) |
| What is a substrate? | It's a reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Substrates are the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reations. |
| What's an "active site"? | Its the site on the enzyme where the substrates bind. |
| Once a reaction is over, what happens to the enzyme? | The products of the reaction are released and the enzyme can start the process again. |
| What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions? | Bonds are broken in reactants and new bonds are formed in products. |
