| A | B |
|---|
| drought | a long period of dry weather |
| famine | a widespread lack of food resulting in hunger and starvation |
| surplus | an extra supply of something, as of food |
| barter | trading a good for a good without the use of money |
| Fertile Crescent | a fertile region in the Miidle east which was an important birthplace of civilization |
| Mesopotamia | land between the two rivers - the Tigris and Euphrates |
| city-state | a self governing city and the lands surrounding it |
| ziggurat | a large temple built by the ancient Sumerians to honor their gods and goddesses |
| cuneiform | wedge - shaped; a system of writing developed and used by the ancient Sumerians |
| Code of Hammurabi | The world's first system of laws, recorded by a Hammurabi, king of Babylonia, around 1780BC |
| Hammurabi | about 1800 - 1750 BC; Babylonian ruler, recorded 1st set of written laws |
| Sumer | Ancient civilization in southern Mesopotamia; Sumer was the 1st civilization to emerge in the Fertile Crescent |
| Babylon | Ancient city in Mesopotamia; capital of vast empire that covered Fertile Crescent |
| Judaism | a world religion founded by the ancient Hebrews |
| Ten Commandments | foundation of Hebrew law governing religious belief and behavior |
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| monotheism | belief in only one god |
| Abraham | led the Hebrews from Mesopotamia to Canaan 1790 - 1740 BC |
| Moses | raised in pharoahs palace, he led the Hebres out of Egypt 1298 - 1220 BC |
| Solomon | 990 - 930 BC King of Israel noted for great wisdom |
| Canaan | a region in the Middle East between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea and homeland of the ancient Hebrews |
| Mount Sinai | a mountain in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula. According to the Bible, it was on Mt. Sinai that Moses received the Ten Commandments from God |
| Jerusalem | an ancient city in central Palestine, now the capital of Israel. Jerusalem is sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
| civilization | culture marked by development in arts, sciences, government, social sciences, and growth of large cities |
| 7 characteristics of a civilization | stable food supply, social structure (classes), system of government, religious system, highly developed written language, highly developed culture (arts,music, architecture), advances in technology(plow,sail) |
