| A | B |
|---|
| stage | platform to support specimen |
| science | organized study that tries to understand the natural world |
| observation | use of one or more of the senses to gather information |
| data | information gathered |
| inference | an interpretation based on past experience |
| hypothesis | possible explanation for a set of observations |
| spontaneous generation | life can arise from non living matter |
| controlled experiment | experiment in which only one variable is change while all others are kept constant |
| manipulated variable | variable that is changed to see its effect |
| responding variable | variable that is observed and changes due to the manipulated variable |
| theory | well tested explanation that explains many observations |
| biology | study of living things |
| cell | living matter enclosed by a barrier |
| sexual reproduction | two cells from different parents unite to form offspring |
| asexual reproduction | new organism formed from a single parent |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that build up or break down in an organism |
| stimulus | change in the environment that causes an organism to react |
| homeostasis | maintaining stable internal conditions |
| evolution | change of living things over time |
| metric system | simplified system of measurement based on powers of ten |
| microscope | produces magnified image using beams of light |
| compound light microscope | magnifies image focusing light through a series of two lenses |
| electron microscope | magnifies image using beams of electrons |
| cell culture | use one cell to grow many identical cell to study |
| cell fractionation | separates cell parts by density to study their functions |
| transmitting electron microscope | produces highly magnified image of internal structures |
| scanning electron microscope | produces highly magnified 3-D image using beam of electrons |
| independent variable | changed variable examined to see its effect in an experiment |
| dependent variable | effect caused by the variable that is changed in an experiment |
| biosphere | areas of the earth that contains all ecosystems |
| ecosystem | community and its nonliving surroundings |
| community | populations that live together in a defined area |
| population | group of organisms of one type that live in the same area |
| organism | an individual living thing |
| system | group of organs with one function |
| organ | group of tissues with one function |
| cell | smallest functional unit of life |
| molecule | smallest unit of a compound |
| biogenesis | life can only come from other living things |
| Redi | experimented to prove maggot came from flies not meat |
| Spallanzani | sealed flasks of boiled broth to disprove spontaneous generation |
| Pasteur | swan necked flask proved abiogenesis |
| tissue | group of cells with one function |
| ocular lens | lens of microscope closest to observer's eye |
| objective lens | lens of microscope closest to object being observed |
| diaphragm | controls amount of light sent through specimen |
| stage | platform to support specimen |
| stage clips | holds specimen on stage |
| coarse adjustment | used to focus under low power |
| fine adjustment | used to focus under high power |
| botany | study of plants |
| cytology | study of cells |
| ecology | study of living things relationship to their surroundings |
| scientific method | the organized way that scientists solve problems |
| controlled experiment | experimental design that includes setting up two identical experimental situations |
| experimental | the part of a controlled experiment that contains the variable |
| theory | explanations that apply to a broad range of phenomena and have been repeatedly supported |
| SI or metric system | system of measurements used by scientists |
| gram | basic SI unit of mass |
| liter | basic SI unit of volume of a liquid |
| cubic centimeters | basic SI unit used to measure the volume of a solid |
| degrees Celsius | basic SI unit used to measure temperature |
| second | basic SI unit used to measure time |
| kilo | SI prefix stands for a thousand |
| deca | SI prefix stands for ten |
| deci | SI prefix stands for a hundredth |
| micro | SI prefix stands for a millionth |
| compound microscope | microscope with two lenses to magnify an image |
| stereomicroscope | microscope can be used to study the external , or surface structure of a specimen |
| transmitting EM | electron microscope can magnify the internal structures of cells up to 250000x |
| mechanical system | system of the light microscope supports the lenses and allows them to be focused |
| objective lens | lenses that are closest to the specimen being observe |
| scanning low power | used to locate the specimen |
| arm | supports the lenses |
| body tube | cylindrical tube on the microscope that connects the ocular lens to the objective lenses |
| coarse adjustment | approximate focusing under low-power |
| fine adjustment | used for final focusing under low power and is the only focusing used under high power |
| diaphragm | regulates the amount of light reaching the specimen |
| magnification | size of the image you see in the microscope |
| microorganism | organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye |
| sectioned | step in which a specimen is sliced very thinly |
| microtome | instrument is used to make very thin slices of the specimen |
| microdissection | process that uses tiny instruments to perform various operations on living cells |
| micromanipulator | apparatus that is attached to the stage and controls the tools used in microdissection |
| micropipette | microdissection tool can be used to move materials into or out of a cel |
| tissue culture | technique that is use to grow living cells in a medium out side of an organism’s body |
| spectrophotometry | identify substances by measure the amount and type of light the substance can absorb |
| hypothesis | possible explanation for a set of observed facts |
| variable | single factor that is changed in a controlled experiment to see its affect on the experimental situation |
| control | the part of a controlled experiment that does not contain the variable an is used as a basis of comparison |
| scientific law | describes only one aspect of a phenomena that is always true |
| tens | In the SI system, units get larger or smaller in increments of _______ |
| balance | instrument used to measure mass |
| graduate cylinder | instrument used to measure the volume of a liquid |
| metric ruler | instrument used to find the length of an object |
| thermometer | instrument used to measure temperature |
| mega | SI prefix stands for a million |
| hecto | SI prefix stands for a hundred |
| deci | SI prefix for a tenth |
| milli | SI prefix stands for a thousandth |
| simple microscope | microscope uses only one lens to magnify an image |
| phase contrast microscope | light microscope used to study living cells with out staining them |
| electron microscope | microscope does not use light to magnify |
| scanning EM | electron microscope can magnify the surface of a specimen to show the fine details of the surface |
| ocular lens | lens you look through at the top of the microscope |
| base | name of the part on which the whole microscope stands |
| stage | platform on which the specimen to be observed is placed on the microscope |
| nose piece | part of the microscope rotates to change the objective lenses from low to high power and back |
| stage clips | part of the microscope holds the specimen in place |
| condenser | part of the microscope concentrates light on the specimen |
| centrifugation | used to separate materials with different densities |
| ultracentrifuge | instrument, that spins very fast, can be used to separate very light materials with different densities |
| microelectrode | instrument used to measure electrical currents in a cell |
| microknife | microdissection tool cuts and removes structures from a cell |
| chromatography | separates different substances on the basis of their chemical or physical properties |
| electrophoresis | technique used to separate substances that are made of particles that have electrical charges |
