| A | B |
|---|
| Causes for brain injury | hypoxia, ischemia, vascular disorders, trauma, infection, tumors |
| General assessment of Neuro Patient | mental status, cranial nerves, motor status, sensory status, reflexes, vital signs |
| Arousal assessment | wakefulness |
| Awareness assessment | orientation, memory, calculation, fund of knowledge |
| First cerebral function to be affected with IICP | LOC |
| Motor response includes | following commands, purposeful movement, withdrawaing, posturing, drift, coordination |
| flexion posturing | decorticate |
| extension posturing | decerebrate |
| GSC of 8 or less indicates this | comatose state |
| GSC of 7 or less indicates | a need to intubate |
| CN3 | pupillary light reflex |
| CN 5 & 7 | corneal/blink reflex |
| CN9 & 10 | cough/gag reflex |
| CN4 & 6 | oculocephalic & oculovestibular reflex |
| Cushing's Reflex | widening PP, Bradycardia, irregular Resp, Hyperthermia |
| Normal ICP | 0-15 mm Hg by transducer |
| Causes of elevation in ICP | sneezing, bending, hip flexion |
| CPP= | MAP-ICP |
| Normal CPP | 70-100 mm Hg |
| dilation of cerebral vessels from | hypoxia, CO2 narcosis, lactic acidosis, hyperthermia |
| Hyperventilation causes | construction of verebral vascularature |
| Compensation lost when | MAP <50 mm Hg or > 150 mm Hg |
| IICP s/s include | deterioration of LOC, pupilary changes, drop in GCC, VS changes |
| PC of ventriculostomy include | infection |
| TIA | resolves within 24 hours |
| s/s TIA inlcude | visual changes, weakness, speech changes, balance changes |
| treatment of TIA include | ASA, Heparin, carotid endarterectomy |
| Risk factors of CVA include | ASHD, AF, DM, HTN, smoking, stress, obesity, anticoagulants |
| ischemic CVA is caused from | thrombus or embolis |
| Hemorrhagic CVA is caused from | incerebral hemorrhage |
| Safety of CVA patient includes | risk for fall, neglect, aspiration |
| Traumatic brain injury includes | concussion, contusion, laceration, coup/contracoup injury, herniation |
| Meningitis can be | viral, irritant, infammatory, bacterial or fungal |
| s/s meningitis | fever, nucchal rigidity, headache, +Brudzinski, +Kernig, photophobia |
| diagnosis of meningitis include | LP, CSF analysis |
| treatment of meningitis | antimicrobial therapy, reduce IICP |
| treatment of spinal cord injury | preserve function, prevent further damage |
| spinal shock | occurs immediately after injury |
| autonomic dysreflexia | occurs after spinal shock has resolved |
| s/s autonomic dysreflexia include | HTN, bradycardia, HA, blurred vision |
