| A | B |
|---|
| fjord | deep, water-filled valley carved by glaciers along Norway's coast |
| polder | area of the Netherland's coast reclaimed from the sea |
| peat | vegetable matter burned as fuel |
| mistral | strong north wind from the mountains that brings cold air to southern France |
| sirocco | hot wind that brings desert air from Africa to western Europe's Mediterranean coast |
| permafrost | soil that is often permanently frozen below ground |
| foehn | dry wind that blows down from the mountains in Alpine areas |
| avalanche | mass of ice, snow, or rock sliding |
| multicultural | having more than one culture |
| refugee | a person who flees to a foreign country for safety |
| city-state | independent community in anciet Greece |
| feudalism | system in which lords gave land to nobles in return for loyalty |
| Crusades | series of wars to free Palestine from Muslim rule |
| Renaissance | a period of renewed interest in learning and the arts |
| Reformation | religious movement that led to Protestantism |
| communism | system in which workers control production |
| Holocaust | killing of 6 million Jews by the Nazis |
| cold war | power struggle between Communist and non-Communist world |
| dialect | local form of a language |
| language family | group of languages that developed from a single earlier language |
| romanticism | style that stresses emotion |
| realism | style that portrays life as it is |
| impressionism | style that tries to show that natural appearance of things |
| welfare state | nation whose government assumes major responsibility for the welfare of its people |
| heavy industry | manufacture of factory machinery |
| light industry | manufacture of consumer goods |
| organic farming | use of natural substances to enrich soil |
| mixed farming | raising several kinds of crops on the same farm |
| farm cooperative | orgnization that collects and sells farm products |
| collective farm | government-owned farm |
| state farm | Communist-controlled farms |
| consumer goods | goods that individuals buy |
| tariff | tax on traded goods |
| acid rain | precipitation containing pollutants |
| melt water | result of melting snow and ice |
| acid deposition | wet or dry acid pollution that falls to the earth |
| environmentalist | person concerned with the quality of the environment |
| biologist | scientist who studies plants and animals |
