| A | B |
|---|
| This states that the basic unit of all life is the cell. | Cell theory |
| The center of a cell that stores genetic information is called the _____. | Nucleus |
| The thick fluid found around the nucleus is called the _____. | Cytoplasm |
| The small organs inside the cell are called the ____. | Organelles |
| This regulates which substances will be allowed to enter and leave a cell. | The cell membrane |
| What is the cell membrane made from? | Phospholipids |
| The heads of the phospholipids are said to water loving and are called ____. | Hydrophilic |
| The tails of the phospholipids are said to be water fearing and are ____. | Hydrophobic |
| Organelles that can be seen, but we don't know what their function is are called ____. | Inclusions |
| This is the minature circulatory system for the cell. | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| What are the two types of Endoplasmic reticulum? | Smooth and Rough |
| What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum? | Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on it and smooth doesn't. |
| Where is protein made in the cell? | Ribosome |
| This packages everything that enters and leaves the cell. | Golgi Apparatus |
| This destroys and digests bacteria and worn out organelles. | Lysosomes |
| Where are most lysosomes found? | In the white blood cells |
| The cell's internal supporting framework is called the ______. | Cytoskeleton |
| They detoxify harmful substances which can enter cells. | Perioxisomes |
| In what two organs do you find a large number of perioxisomes? | Kidney and Liver |
| This is the powerhouse of all the cells. | Mitochondria |
| These are fingerlike processes that stick out of cells. | Cell extensions. |
| These cell extensions are found mainly in the intestines and their purpose is to increase the surface area. | Microvilla |
| These cell extensions look like tiny hairs and are numerous in the respiratory tract. | Cillia |
| The only human cell that has this type of cell extension is the sperm cell. | Flagella |
| Where is DNA stored in the cell? | In the nucleus |
| How many chromosomes do most cells have? | 46 |
| How many chromosomes do the sperm and egg cell have? | 23 |
| This type of cell connection is like a spot weld. | Desmosomes |
| This type of cell connection is where the cell membranes adhere to each other and an impulse can travel over many cell membranes without having to stop. | Gap junction |
| Where are many gap junctions found? | In the heart |
| This moves substances through cell membranes without the use of energy. | Passive processes |
| This type of cell movement requires energy. | Active processes |
| In this type of passive movement, particles are spread out evenly within any given space. | Diffusion |
| In passive processes, molecules move from ______ to _______ concentration. | High to Low |
| How long will diffusion occur? | Until an equilibrium is established. At this point the particles continue to move, but they enter and leave at the same rate. |
| In a solution, what the substance is dissolved in is called the ______. | Solvent |
| In a solution, what is dissolved is called the _____. | Solute |
| A solute plus a solvent is called a ________. | Solution |
| In this type of diffusion, the small particles are separated from the large particles through a membrane. | Dialysis |
| This refers to the diffusion of water through a membrane. | Osmosis |
| In osmosis, what moves, the water or the particles? | The water |
| In Osmosis, osmotic pressure will be the greatest where? | In the solution of water that originally had the most stuff in it. |
| When the cell and the solution have same concentration it is called ________. | Isotonic |
| When there is more water outside the cell the solution is ________. | Hypotonic |
| When there is more water inside the cell, the solution is ________. | Hypertonic |
| This type of diffusion uses carriers to help move from high to low concentration, but it is still passive. | Facilitate Diffusion |
| In active transport, it goes from _____ to ______ concentration. | Low to High |
| What is an example of the active transport system? | The sodium-potassium pump |
| When a cell brings something in, it is called ______. | Endosytosis |
| Cell drinking is called _________. | Pinocytosis |
| Cell eating is called ________. | Phagocytosis |
| When something leaves a cell, it is called ________. | Exocytosis |
| DNA is made up of ________. | Nucleotides |
| What is a nucleotide? | A sugar, a phosphate, and a base |
| What does obligatory base pairing say? | A "T" will also pair with an "A" and a "C" will always pair with a "G" |
| The process by which cells make more protein is called ____________. | Protein Synthesis |
| The process where a cell divides into two parts exactly alike, each with 46 chormosomes. | Mitosis |
| This is where you start with 46 chromosomes and you end up with 23 chromosomes. | Meiosis |
| What is Down's syndrome? | When there is an extra chromosome in pair 21 |
| An increase in the number of cells is called ___________. | Hyperplasia |
| What percent of a cell is water? | 60% |
| What are the three regions of the nucleus? | nuclear envelope, nucleolus and chormatin |
| The nuclear envelope contain nuclear __________ which allow for the exchange of material with the rest of the cell. | nuclear pores |
| This is the site of ribosome assembly. | nucleoli |
| Chromatin are composed of DNA and _________. | protein |
| Chromatin condense to form ____________ when the cell divides. | chromatin |
| These are sugar proteins that give the cell surface a fuzzy, sticky, sugar-rich area | glycoproteins |
| These determine your blood type and act as receptors that certain bacteria, viruses and toxin can bind to. | glycoproteins |
| Microvilli are found in cells where _________ is important. | absorption |
| These bind cells together in leakproof sheets. | tight junctions |
| What are the three components of the cytoplasm? | cytosol, organelles, and inclusions |
| This is the fluid of the cytoplasm that suspends other elements. | cytosol |
| Where do you find ribosomes? Two sites. | free in the cytoplasm and as part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| What are the three different types of elements found in the cytoskeleton? | microfilaments (largest, like actin and myosin), intermediate filaments, (help form desmosomes) and microtubules (smallest) |
| female egg cell | oocyte |
| nerve cells are called ________ | neurons |
| what is a red blood cell called? | erythrocyte |
| homogeneous mixture of two or more components. | solution |
| fluid that continuously bathes the exterior of our cells. | interstitial fluid |
| a barrier that allows some substances to pass through while excluding others | selectively permeable |
| This is when water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure | filtration |
| A DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein | gene |
| Type of RNA that transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building the protein | transfer RNA |
| type of RNA that helps form the ribosomes where proteins are built. | Ribosomal RNA |
| type of RNA that carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome. | messenger RNA |
| This is the name for the process where there is transfer of information from DNA's base sequence to the complimentary base sequence of mRNA | transcription |
| Term for when the base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to an amino acid sequence. | translation |
| Term for the division of the cytoplasm | cytokinesis |
| Things that cause cancer | carcinogens |
| What are some known carcinogens? | chemicals in smoke, asbestos, certain dyes, radiation, food additives, and some viruses |
