| A | B |
|---|
| organic compounds | a compound that is derived from living things and contains carbon |
| inorganic compounds | a compound generally derived from nonliving things |
| polar compounds | a compound with one side having a negative charge and the other side a positive charge |
| capilarity | the ability of a liquid to upward against the force of gravity by molecular attraction to a surrounding surface |
| cohesion | the bonding of water molecules to each other |
| adhesion | the attraction of water to solid surface |
| polymers | a compound consisting of repeated linked monomers |
| monomer | one unit, single molecule unit in a polymer |
| macromolecules | a large molecule oftern a polymer |
| condensation reaction | same as dehydration reaction |
| dehydration reaction | a chemical reation in which water is produced as a by product, builds polymers from monomers |
| hydrolysis reaction | the splitting of a molecule through reaction with water, uses water to split polymers into their monomers |
| carbohydrates | an organic compound composed of carbon, hydroge, and oxygen in which the hydrogen to oxygen ratio is two to one |
| monosacchride | a simple six carbon sugar monomer |
| disaccharide | a double sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| disaccharides includes | sucrose, lactose, and maltose |
| monosacchrides includes | glucose, fructose, and galactose |
| isomer | one of two or more compounds that differ in structure but not in chemical formula |
| polysaccharide | a complex polymer composed to three or more monosaccharides |
| polysaccharides includes | glycogen, cellulose, and starch |
| chemical formula of glucose | C6H12O6 |
| lipid | nonpolar molecule that does not dissolve in water |
| lipids are made of | hydrophilic glycerol head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails |
| lipids includes | triglycerides (fat and oil), phospholipids, steroids, and wax |
| fatty acid | monomer of lipids |
| hydrophilic | refers to molecular attraction to water |
| hydrophobic | refers to molecular repulsion of water |
| triglycerides includes | fats and oils |
| triglycerides are made of | one glycerol head and 3 fatty acid tails |
| phospholipid | is found in cell membranes |
| oils | are a liquid at room temperature and comes from plants |
| fats | are a solid at room temperature and comes from animals |
| wax is made of | glycerol head, fatty acid tails, and alchol |
| wax functions to | prevent drying out, protection, and waterproofing |
| oils function to | store large amounts of energy |
| steroids are made of | carbon rings |
| examples of steroids | hormones and poisons |
| proteins | are made of amino acids |
| proteins function as | building blocks of body |
| amino acids | 22 different kinds of monomers that combine in a variety of sequences to form proteins |
| dipeptide | two amino acids held together by a peptide bond |
| peptide bond | a covalent bond between a nitrogen atom and a carbon atom |
| polypeptide | long chains of amino acids |
| enzymes | a protein that acts as a catalyst in metabolic reactions |
| catalyst | an enzyme that starts or speeds up chemical reactions without itself being used in the reaction |
| substrate | the molecules an enzyme reacts with |
| nucleic acids | DNA or RNA, made of nucleotides |
| Ribonucleic acid | RNA, single stranded nucleic acid |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA, double stranded nucleic acid |
| nucleotides | monomer of nucleic acids, made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
