| A | B |
|---|
| active transport | energy-requiring process in which transport proteins bind with particles and move them through a cell membrane |
| atoms | tiny building blocks of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| compound | matter made of two or more elements and has physical and chemical properties different from each of the elements that make it up |
| diffusion | type of passive transport in cells in which molecules move from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are fewer of them |
| electrons | negatively-charged particles that move around the nucleus of an atom and form an electron cloud |
| element | substance containing only one type of atom and cannot be broken down by normal chemical or physical means--examples oxygen, aluminum, and iron |
| endocytosis | process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane |
| enzyme | protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells |
| equilibrium | occurs when molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance |
| exocytosis | process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell |
| fermentation | process by which oxygen-lacking cells and some one-celled organisms release small amounts of energy from glucose molecules and produce wastes such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid |
| inorganic compound | compound, such as H2O (water), that is made from elements other than carbon and whose atoms can usually be arranged in only one structure |
| ion | electrically-charged atom or compound whose charge results from an atom or compound losing or gaining electrons |
| metabolism | the total of all chemical reactions in an organism |
| mixture | combination of substances in which the individual substances do not change or combine chemically but instead retain their own individual properties; can be gases, solids, liquids, or any combination of them |
| organic compound | compounds that always contain hydrogen and carbon; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic compounds found in living things |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a membrane; passive transport |
| passive transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and many other producers use light energy from the Sun to make sugars, which can be used as food |
| respiration | series of chemical reactions used to release energy stored in food molecules |
| solution | kind of mixture in which one substance is completely and evenly mixed in another substance and is the same throughout |
