| A | B |
|---|
| Earth | water planet |
| 97% | percentage of the water on earth is ocean water |
| mass of the ocean | about 1/4000 of the earth as a whole |
| Solid earth | about 800 times greater than the volume of water in the global ocean |
| 4 oceans | Artic, Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian |
| 9 major seas | Bering, Japan, South China, Timor, Carribbean, North, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Arabian |
| Artic Ocean | near the surface it is less salty than water in the other oceans |
| Atlantic Ocean | it is the second largest ocean |
| Indian Ocean | it is the third largest ocean |
| Oceanography | the study of the physical characteristics, chemical composition, and life forms of the ocean |
| Matthew F. Maury | marked the beginnings of the scientific studies of the ocean |
| HMS Challanger | laid the foundation for modern oceanography |
| JOIDES Resolution | world's largest and most sophisticated drilling ship |
| Ocean Floor | made up of continental crust and oceanic crust that lies beneath the ocean waters |
| Submersible | under water research vessels |
| Bathysphere | a spherical diving vessel that was first used for deep ocean exploration |
| Jason | a submarine robot |
| Alvin | a bathyscaph |
| Argo | a seeing-eye robot vessel |
| SONAR | maps the ocean floor |
| SONAR | sound waves bounce off the ocean floor and are reflected back up to the reciever |
| Continental Margins | shallow ocean floor made up of continiental crust |
| Continental Shelf | a zone of shallow water where the ocean covers the edge of the continent |
| Continental Slope | the boundary between the continental crust and the oceanic crust is found at the base of the continental crust |
| Shoreline Canyons | deep v-shaped valleys in the continental slope and shelf |
| Continental Rise | sediments that form a raised wedge at the base of the continental slope |
| Deep Ocean Basins | the portion of the ocean that is made up of oceanic crust |
| Trenches | the deepest features on the earth's surface |
| Abyssal Plains | extremely flat areas of the ocean floor |
| Mid-Ocean Ridges | a continuous series of underwater mountain ranges that run along the floor of oceans |
| Rift | a narrow depression where plate are moving away from one another |
| Fracture Zones | faults running perpendicular to the mid-ocean ridges |
| Seamonts | isolated volcanic mountains |
| Guyots | flat-topped submerged seamounts |
| Core Samples | drilling into sediment to study samples in the deep ocean basins |
| Nodules | potato-shaped lumps of minerals |
| Muds | very fine silt and clay-sized particles of rock that has settled to the ocean floor |
| Ooze | soft, organic sediment |
| Siliceous ooze | made up mostly of silicon dioxide |
