| A | B |
|---|
| perioperative | phrase for 3 phases: preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative periods |
| preoperative phase | begins when decision to have surgery and ends with transfer to OR table |
| Intraoperative phase | begins with transfer to OR table and ends with transfer to postanesthesia care unit PACU |
| Postoperative phase | begins with admission to PACU and ends when healing is complet |
| ambulatory surgery centers ASC | facilities where surgery that do not require hospitalization are performed |
| diagnostic surgery | confirms or establishes a diagnosis |
| palliative surgery | relieves or reduces pain or symptoms of a diseas |
| ablative surgery | removes a diseased body part |
| constructive surgery | restores function or appearance that has been lost |
| transplant surgery | replaces malfunctioning structures |
| major surgery | high degree of surgical risk |
| minor surgery | normally involves little risk, few complications |
| Very young and elder clients | greater surgical risks than other persons |
| preoperative consent | informed consent |
| medications that increase surgical risk | anticoagulants,tranquilizers, corticosteroids, diuretics |
| obesity | wound infection |
| malnourished client | delayed wound healing |
| complete blood count CBC | hemaglobin Hgb,hematocrit Hct:o2 carrying capacity of blood, WBC: immune function |
| blood grouping and cross matching | in case blood transfusion if required during or after surgery |
| Serum electrolytes: Na+,K+,Ca,Mg,Cl,HCO3 | to evaluate electrolyte status |
| ALT,AST,LDH and bilirubin | evaluate liver function |
| Serun creatinine & Blood urea nitrogen BUN | evaluate renal function |
| Serum albumin | evaluate nutritional status |
| urinalysis | determine urine composition and abnormal components |
| Chest x-ray | evaluate respiratory status and heart size |
| Electrocardiogram ECG | identify preexisting cardic problems or disease |
| splinting an incision | while client coughs |
| deep breathing and coughing | facilitate lung aeration; preventing atelectasis/pneumonia |
| moving | maintain circulation,stimulate respiratory function, decrease stasis of gas |
| leg exercises | stimulate blood circulation;prevent thrombophlebitis/thrombus formation |
| general anesthesia | loss of all sensation and consciousness |
| topical/surface anesthesia | applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes,open skin.. |
| local anesthesia (infiltration) | injeted into a specific area; used for minor surgical procedures i.e suturing small wound |
| nerve block | anestic agent injected into and around a nerve or small nerve group that supplies sensation to part of body |
| intravenous block (bier block) | used most often for procedures involving the arm, wrist, and hand; involves use of a tourniquet |
| spinal anesthesia SAB | lumbar puncture and anesthetic agent is inected into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord |
| epidural anesthesia | injection of an anesthetic agent into the epidural space |
| Conscious sedation | minimal depression of level of consciousness; client able to maintain patent airway/respond appropriately |
| circulating nurses | assist the scrub nurses and surgeons |
| scrub nurses | assist the surgeons |
