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| taxonomy | Branch of biology that identifies and groups organisms in ways that reflect relationships and distinguish one organism from another. |
| binomial nomenclature | System of two name naming used to give organisms a unique scientific name |
| common name | Name given to an organism by the local natives of an area. |
| biodiversity | Term used to describe the many different forms of life that exist |
| structural homology | chemical likeness that points common ancestry |
| kingdom | Largest taxon which contains organisms with the most diversity |
| phylum | Subdivision of a kingdom |
| order | Subdivision of a class |
| genus | Subdivision of a family |
| family | Taxon formed by similar genera |
| class | Taxon formed by similar orders |
| phylum | Taxon formed by similar classes |
| Monera | Kingdom of prokaryotic unicellular organisms |
| Animalia | Kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs |
| Fungi | Kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic saprophytes |
| Algae | Plant-like protists |
| Cyanobacteria | Autotrophic monerans |
| Bryophyta | Plants without a vascular system to transport water |
| Gymnosperms | Plants that form naked seeds inside a cone |
| Monocotyledonae | Seeds with only one storage area, leaves with parallel veins, and scattered vascular tissues |
| Vertebrates | With backbones |
| Porifera | No body symmetry and bodies with many holes through which they filter food |
| Annelida | Bilateral symmetry, one way digestive system, and segmented bodies |
| Nematoda | Rounded bodies, bilateral symmetry, and one way digestive system |
| Arthropoda | Jointed legs and an exoskeleton |
| Agnatha | Jawless fish |
| Osteichthyes | Fish with bony skeletons |
| Reptilia | Dry scaly skin and produce amniotic eggs with a leathery shell |
| Aves | Warm blooded and have bodies covered with feathers |
| Arachnoidea | 2 body regions (cephalothorax and abdomen) with 4 pairs of legs |
| Diplopoda | Body with many segments and two pairs of legs on each segment |
| Bryophyta | Small nonvascular plants found in moist habitats |
| Monocotyledonae | Plants with flower parts in threes, parallel leaves, seed has one storage area |
| Pterophyta | Vascular plants with horizontal underground stem, compound leaves, reproduce with spores |
| Ciliates | Protists that move by cilia and have micronucleus and macronucleus |
| Sarcodina | Protists that move by pseudopodia |
| Phaeophyta | Plant-like protists with brown pigment, brown seaweeds |
| Rhodophyta | Plant-like protists that contain red pigment, source of agar |
| species | Group of organisms capable of breeding in nature to produce fertile offspring |
| Linnaeus | Developed the modern system of classification of organisms |
| scientific name | Two word name consisting of Genus and species |
| polymorphism | A species that contains two or more distinct types of individuals in the same population |
| chemical homology | Likenesses in forms of organisms that points to common ancestry |
| species | Smallest taxon, which contains organisms with the most similarity |
| class | Subdivision of a phylum |
| family | Subdivision of an order |
| species | Subdivision of a genus |
| genus | Taxon formed by similar species |
| order | Taxon formed by similar families |
| kingdom | Taxon formed by similar phyla |
| Protists | Kingdom containing eukaryotic unicellular organisms |
| Planta | Kingdom containing multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs. |
| Saprophytic | Type of nutrition in which organism absorb nutrients from dead or decaying matter |
| Protozoa | Animal-like protists |
| Schizophyta | Moneran phylum of heterotrophs |
| Tracheophyta | Plants with vascular system to transport water |
| Angiosperms | Plants with seeds protected by a fruit formed by a flower |
| Dicotyledons | Seeds with two storage areas, have leaves with branched veins, and stems with vascular tissue arranged in rings. |
| Invertebrates | Without backbones |
| Coelenterata (Cnideria) | Radial symmetry, two way digestive systems, and mouths surrounded by tentacles |
| Chordates | Dorsal hollow nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits at some point in their life |
| Mollusca | Soft bodies, a muscular foot, and some form of a shell |
| Chondrichthyes | Fish with cartilaginous skeletons |
| Amphibia | Moist glandular skin with larval forms breathe with gill , adults breathe through skin or lungs |
| Mammalia | Hair on body, live young fed milk |
| Insecta | 3 body regions (head, thorax, and abdomen); 3 pairs of legs and most have 2 pairs of wings |
| Crustacea | 2 body regions (cephalothorax and abdomen), two pair of antenna, mostly aquatic |
| Gymnosperms | Vascular plants, naked seeds in cones, needle-shaped leaves |
| Angiosperms | Vascular plants, seed enclosed in fruits |
| Dicotyledonae | Flower parts in fours or fives, net-veined leaves, seed with two storage areas |
| Flagellates | Protists that move by flagella |
| Sporozoa | Protists that are usually nonmotile, parasitic, move from host to host by forming spores |
| Chlorophyta | Plant-like protists with green pigments |
| Chrysophyta | Plant-like protists that store food as oil, shells made of silica |
| Platyhelminthes | Bilateral symmetry, 3 tissue layers, and 2-way digestive system |
| Echinoderms | Radial symmetry and internal skeleton composed of calcium plates |
| Porifera | sponges |
| Annelida | leeches, earthworm |
| Nematoda | vinegar eels, filarial worms |
| Coelenterata (Cnidaria) | sea anemone, hydra |
| Platyhelminthes | planaria, liver flukes |
| Echinodermata | sea cucumber, starfish |
| Arthropoda | insects, spiders, shrimp |
| Reptilia | snakes, lizards |
| Aves | birds |
| Agnatha | lamprey eel, hagfish |
| Arachnoidea | spiders, ticks, scorpions |
| Diplopoda | millepedes |
| Amphibia | frogs, toads, salamanders |
| Chondrichthyes | sharks, manta rays |
| Mollusca | clams, oysters, snails |
| Crustacea | lobsters, crabs, shrimp |
