| A | B |
|---|
| This was the name of the trials that took place after World War II. | Nuremberg Trials |
| Which Allied leader did not want a trial and through all should be hung? | Winston Churchill |
| This code was developed in 1863 and detailed how American soldiers were to deal with civilians, prisoners of war, and how spies were to be treated. | The Lieber Code |
| Who was the Confederate officer who commanded the prison camp at Andersonville, Georgia and was tried in a military court, convicted, and hung? | Captain Henry Wirts |
| This conference was held in the Netherlands and focused on the rights of civilians and soldeirs who have surrendered. | The Hague |
| This established how prisoners of war were to be treated and called for the protection of the wounded. | Geneva Accord |
| Who was suppose to be tried for crimes of aggression after World War I, according to the Treaty of Versailles, but was never brought to trial? | Kaiser Wilhelm |
| Who did the Turks massacre in 1915 in what has been called the world's first genocide? | The Armenians |
| Why do some historians believe that not punishing the perpetrators of World War I, led to the Holocaust? | Hiter even asked, "Who after all, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians." |
| What were the four crimes people were charged with at Nuremberg? | Crime of conspiracy, crime against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. |
| This crime said that were going to hold accountable not only those who ordered the crimes, but also those who participated in them. | Crime of conspiracy |
| This crime was the planning, preparing or intitiating any war of aggression. | Crime against peace |
| This crime was defined as breaking the rules of war during the war. It included the killing of prisoners of war and destroying homes and property. | war crimes |
| This crime was the murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population befoe or during the war. | crimes against humanity |
| What body performed the trials? | An International Military Tribunal |
| This is the name for a court of justice. | Tribunal |
| Who was the chief prosecutor during the Nuremberg Trials? | Robert H. Jackson, a justice on the United States Supreme Court |
| What did the prosecution use as evidence against the Nazi's? | Their own documents |
| What was the main defense of those who were tried? | They were just following orders |
| How did the Nazi's react to the charges of crimes against humanity? | That wars have always been brutal and this war was much like any other war. The also insisted that the victors were equally guilty. |
| What was the "Fuhrer-prinzip" or "Nazi leadership principle" that the Nazi's used? | All orders given in Germany were Hitler's orders and the punishment for not obeying them was death. |
| What did Article 47 of the German military say? | no obedience was due to an order that called for the performance of a crime. This law applied to the SS as well as the Gestapo. |
| How can it be argued that vindictiveness was not the purpose of the Nuremberg Trials? | The differences in the sentences that were handed down. Some were acquitted, some were imprisoned, and some were sentenced to death. |
| Martin Bormann was tried in absentia, what does that mean? | At the end of the war, he was never captured so they tried him without him being present. |
| What sentence did Martin Bormann receive? | death |
| He was the highest ranking Nazi official at the trial. He commanded the Luftwaffe and he started the Gestapo. | Hermann Goering |
| What sentence did Hermann Goering receive? | a death sentence |
| Why could justice not be carried out in the case of Hermann Goering? | He took poison a few hours before he was to be hung. |
| This person was responsible for deporting many Jews to occupied countries and he received a death sentence. He was also Hitler's foreign minister. | Jochaim von Ribbentrop |
| He published Der Stuermer, an antisemitic newspaper, and was found guilty of "inciting the population to abuse, maltreat, and slay their fellow citizens." | Julius Streicher |
| What groups of people were tried in later Nuremberg Trials? | military leaders, high ranking SS and police officers, doctors who performed selections and medical experiments, and businessmen who used slave labor. Top executives of I.G. Farben were tried for the sale of Zyklon B and the construction of industrial plants at Auschwitz. |
| Were most of the people tried in the later Nuremberg Trials found guilty or innocent? | Most were convicted. |
| Why were some of those who were convicted during the second round of Nuremberg Trials had their death sentences reduced to prison sentences and some criminals were freed after only a few years? | By the late 1940's there was great tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. With the Soviet Union as an enemy, the United States thought it needed the support of the German people. The United States believed that shortening the sentences of former Nazi leaders might help win that support. The decision was a great disappointment to the survivors of the Holocaust. |
| Who was the commandant at Auschwitz who was tried by the Poles and the Czechs? | Rudolf Hess |
| What sentence did Rudolf Hess receive? | He was sentenced to life in prison |
| What were three major outcomes of the Nuremberg Trials? | It told the world in great deatail about the Holocaust. It established the priciple that individuals can't escape responsibility for their actions by saying that they were just following orders. It also set the standards for judging the actions of nations in the future. |
| Who was the person who was in charge of deporting Jews from all over Europe to death camps? He organized the Wansee Conference and did more than any other Nazi to see to it that the Jews were exterminated. | Adolf Eichmann |
| Why was Adolf Eichmann not brought to justice during the first Nuremberg Trials? | He had escaped after the war and was hiding in Argentina. |
| Who was instrumental in tracking down Eichmann and bringing him to justice? | Simon Wiesenthal |
| To what country was Adolf Eichmann brought to in order to stand trial? | Israel |
| Why was a bulletproof glass booth put in the courtroom for the Eichmann trial? | For his own protection |
| What was the main charge against Eichmann? | crimes against the Jewish people. |
| What were Eichmann's two lines of defense in his trial? | He said he was just following orders and he lied about how much authority he had, what he knew, and what he did. |
| What was Eichmann's sentence? | He was sentenced to death |
| Why were Eichmann's ashes put in the waters around Israel. | They didn't want the earth of their country contaminated by his bones. |
| What was an effect of the Eichmann trial? | More Holocaust survivors came forward to tell their stories and more scholars have since studied the Holocaust |
| Who is the only person ever executed by the State of Israel? | Adolf Eichmann |
