| A | B |
| chariots | two-wheeled carts pulled by horses |
| city-state | a city and its surrounding lands |
| classes | groups of people making up part of society |
| cuneiform | a system of writing |
| domesticate | tame or fit to people's needs |
| empire | many different peoples and places under one ruler |
| nomads | people who move from place to place |
| oasis | a fertile place in the desert |
| obsidian | black volcanic rock |
| scribes | people who write and keep records |
| stylus | a pointed reed instrument used for writing |
| ziggurat | the main temple in a Sumerian city |