| A | B |
|---|
| Pericles | Athenian leader during the Golden Age |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who taught Alexander the Great |
| Socrates | Father of Philosophy; utilized question and answer |
| Plato | Considered to be the greatest Western philosopher |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian king; conquered Persian Empire |
| Darius I | Persian king who invaded Greece in 490BCE |
| Xerxes | Son of Darius I; lost to Greeks |
| Ionia | Turkish Peninsula |
| Doric Invasions | Indo-European peoples who invaded Greece during Greek Dark Ages |
| Homer | Epic poet; "Iliad" & "Odyssey" |
| Herodotus | Father of History |
| Hippocrates | Father of Medicine |
| Peloponnesian War | Fought between Athens and Sparta |
| Greek Dark Ages | Occured after fall of the Mycenean civilization |
| Athens | Wealthy Greek city-state |
| Sparta | Militaristic Greek city-state |
| Mycenaeans | 1st Greek Civilization |
| Minoan Crete | Civilization on Crete; probably invaded by Mycenaeans |
| Agamemnon | King of Mycenae; sacked the city of Troy |
| Epic Poem | Long story that tells about a hero |
| Polis | Center of Greek life |
| Agora | Market place |
| Hoplites | Heavily armed infantry soldiers |
| Delian League | Defensive alliance; Athens starts |
| Athenian Democracy | One man; one vote |
| Nuclear Family | Father, Mother, Children |
| Parthenon | Temple to Athens; atop the Acropolis |
| Doric, Ionic, Corinthian | Greek columns |
| Tragedies, Comedies | Greek drama |
| Thucydides | Wrote 1st "real" history |
| Philip II | King of Macedonia |
| Hellenistic | To imitate Greece |
| Euclid | Worked in Geometry |
| Archimedes | Geometry of spheres & cylinders; concept of pie (3.14) |
| Pythagoras | Geometry of angles & triangles |
| Stoics | Living in peace with nature; allowed fate to take over |
| Acropolis | Athenian Polis |
| Fresco | Painting on wet plaster |
| Mosaic | Small pieces of porcelin painted made into a picture |
| Augustus | First Roman Emperor |
| Cannae | Victory for Hannibal |
| Edict of Milan | Official Tolerance of Christianity |
| Etruscans | Built the city of Rome |
| Nero | Heir of Claudius |
| Nerva | Good Emperor |
| Sadducees | Favored Cooperation with Romans |
| Marc Antony | Member of 2nd Triumvirate |
| Pompey | Roman General |
| Zama | Victory for Scipio |
| Paterfamilias | Male Dominated Household |
| Latifundia | Large Landed Estates |
| Senate | Non-lawmaking body; decree powers |
| Diocletian | Split Empire into Four Zones |
| Constantine | Built capital of Eastern Roman Empire |
| Hadrian | Good Emperor; Built Wall |
| Goths | Germanic tribes that invade Rome |
| Carthage | Phoenician colony; Major trading empire |
| Patricians | Wealthy landowners; Aristocrats |
| Justinian | Byzantine Emperor; Code of Laws |
| Virgil | Wrote "The Aeneid" |
| Livy | Wrote "The History of Rome" |
| Marcus Auerilus | Good Emperor; Philosopher King |
| Julio-Claudian | Line of Emperors |
| Latium Plain | Rome was founded here |
| Hannibal | Carthagian general |
| Alps | Crossed by Hannibal |
| Scipio | Defeated Hannibal at Zama |
| Octavian | Heir of Julius Ceasar |
| Justinian's Code | Byzantine Legal Code |
| Etruscans | Early Roman rulers |
| Pax Romana | Roman Peace |
| Legion | 5000 men |
| Tiber River | River that runs through Rome |
| Punic Wars | Wars against Carthage |
| Scipio | Defeated Hannibal |
| Nero | Last emperor of Caesar's line |
| Second Triumvirate | Octavian, Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus |
| Julius Caesar | Dictator for Life |
| Augustus | First Emperor |
| Edict of Milan | Tolerance of Christianity |
| Goths | Germanic Tribes |
| Huns | Nomadic Horsemen from the East |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian General |
| First Triumvirate | Pompey, Caesar, Crassus |
| Pompey | Roman General; Member of 1st Triumvirate |
| Spartacus | Slave leader |
| Urban II | Called for Crusades |
| Alexious I | Byzantine Emperor; Requested help from Pope |
| Islam | Religion founded in Arabia |
| Pope | Bishop of Rome |
| Feudal System | Social and Economic System used during the Middle Ages |
| Pepin the Short | Father of Charlemange |
| Holy Roman Empire | Empire under Charlemange |
| Clovis | 1st barbarian king to be baptized Christian |
| Charles Martel | Defeats Muslims at Tours |
| Manorialism | Small self-sufficient home/farm system |
| Act of Homage | Solemn pledge of personal loyalty to lord |
| Investiture | Ceremony where lord invested vassal to govern land |
| Serfs | Peasants tied to land for survival |
| Chivalry | Code of honor and loyalty |
| Guilds | Business organizations that supervised economic activities of a town |
| Seven Liberal Arts | Latin, rhetoric, logic, aritmetic, music, geometry, medicine |
| Roger Bacon | Inductive Method (experimentation) |
| Scholasticism | Reconcile reason and faith |
| Thomas Aquinas | Wrote "Summa Theologica," a work based on Aristotilian logic |
| Romanesque | Architectural style based on old Roman designs |
| Gothic | Architectural style used by late middle ages buildings (churches) |
| Vernacular | Native language spoken by local peoples |
| Dante Aligheri | Wrote "The Divine Comedy" |
| Miguel Cervantes | Wrote "Don Quixote" (1st Spanish Novel) |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | Wrote "Canterbury Tales" |
| Crusades | Drive Muslims out of the Holy Land |
| Islam means | Submission to God |
| Moslem means | One who has made his submission |
| Koran | Muslim holy book |
| Venice, Milan, Genoa, & Florence | Crusader staging bases that become rich and begin the Renaissance |
| Castle | Defensive and economic center of towns |
| 3 Field System | Agricultural System to prevent soil depleation |
| Patriarch | Head of Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Renaissance means | Re-birth |
| Classical Antiquity | Greek & Roman Works |
| Medici Family | Ruling family in Florence |
| Petrarch | Father of Humanism |
| Humanism | Intellectual movement that focuses on human behavior and knowledge |
| Erasmus | Believed in the goodness of people and not a particular religious doctrine |
| Pluralism | Holding many different church offices |
| Absenteeism | Ignoring duties of church & paying others to perform those duties |
| Relics | Holy objects used to create money |
| Indulgences | Selling salvation for a certain price |
| Johann Tetzel | Priest famous for selling indulgences |
| Martin Luther | German priest who wanted to change the ways of the Catholic Church |
| Charles V | Holy Roman emperor who wanted to keep empire Catholic |
| Peace of Augsburg of 1555 | Formal declaration of the acceptance of a split Christian Church |
| John Calvin | Takes over protestant movement after Zwingli is killed |
| Predestination | God predestines people to be saved |
| Henry VIII | English king who becomes head of Anglican Church in England |
| Catholic Reformation | Jesuits,Reformed Papacy,Council of Trent |
| Machiavelli | Wrote "The Prince" |
| Baldassare Castiglione | Wrote "The Book of the Courtier" |
| "Bloody" Mary I | Attempted to return England to Catholocism |
| James I | Believer in "Divine Right" of kings & 1st Stuart ruler |
| Cavaliers | Supporters of King Charles I |
| Roundheads | Supporters of Parliament |
| Oliver Cromwell | Led Parlimentary forces in battle |
| Divine Right | Unlimited authority given to monarchs by God |
| Charles I | Arrogant English king who challanges the authority of Parliament |
| Charles II | Exiled son of Charles I who came back to rule |
| Restoration | Bringing back the monarchy |
| James II | Brother of Charles II (Catholic) |
| Glorious Revolution | William & Mary of Orange come to claim throne in England |
| Ivan the Terrible | First Tsar |
| Peter the Great | Westernized Russia |
| Henry IV | Catholic king of France |
| Absolutism | All power lies in the monarchy |
| Louis XIV | Absolute monarch of France |
| Versailles | Palace of Louis XIV |
| Jean-Baptiste Colbert | French economist who gained wealth for Louis XIV |
| Mannerism | Cultural movement which focused on breaking barriers |
| Thomas Hobbes | Wrote "Leviathan" |
| John Locke | Wrote "Two Treatises of Government" |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Set up navigation school in 1419- Portguesel |
| Christopher Columbus | Found "New World" in 1492 |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Geographer & Mapmaker who named America |
| Treaty of Tordesiallas | Line of Demarcation made by the Pope in 1494 to split the New World |
| Hernan Cortez | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Incas |
| Encomienda | Use of natives as slave labor |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Helio-Centric Theory |
| Johannes Kepler | Laws of Planetary Motion; Proved Copernican Theory |
| Galileo Galilei | Detailed observations & documentations |
| Isaac Newton | Universal laws of gravity |
| Andreas Vesalius | Origin of Blood; Human disection |
| William Harvey | Circulation of Blood |
| Rene Descartes | Cartesian dualism; Material world |
| Francis Bacon | Induction Principle (Method) |
| Age of Reason | Attempt to solve the problems of government and society |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Comparative study of governments |
| Separation of Powers | Checks and Balances |
| Voltaire | Religious toleration; Deism |
| Denis Diderot | Wrote 1st encyclopedia |
| Adam Smith | Economist; Government in economics |
| Laissez-faire | No government in economics |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Laws; Government with relationship to society |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Feminist; Women should have equal opportunity |
| Helio-Centric Theory | Sun is the center of the galaxy |
| Geo-Centric Theory | Earth is the center of the galaxy |
| Salon | Giant drawing room |
| Cottage Industry | People did light industrial work in the home |
| Enlightened Rulers | Rulers tolerant of personal rights, etc. |
| 1100-750BCE | Greek Dark Ages |
| c.800BCE | Homer writes epic poems |
| 490BCE | Battle of Marathon |
| 323BCE | Alexander dies in Babylon |
| 476CE | Fall of Western Roman Empire |
| 12 Tables of 450BCE | Roman Code of Laws |
| 44BCE | Assassination of Caesar |
| 378CE | Battle of Adrianople; Romans defeated |
| 45BCE | Ceasar named Dictator for Life |
| 31 BC | Battle of Actium |
| 1453CE | Fall of Byzantine Empire |
| 1096CE | First Crusade Launched |
| 1215CE | Magna Carta Signed |
| 732CE | Battle of Tours |
| 800CE | Charlemange crowned Holy Roman Emperor |
| 1066CE | William the Conqueror invades England |
| 1096-1099CE | First and only successful Crusade |
| 1347-1351CE | Black Plague |
| 1337-1453CE | 100 Years War (not really 100) |
| 1350-1550CE | Renaissance |
| October 31, 1517 | 95 Theses nailed to church door in Wittenberg, Germany |
| 1688CE | William & Mary "invade" and take throne from James II |
| 1689CE | English Bill of Rights & Toleration Act |
| 1588CE | Spanish Armada defeated by English |
| 1562-1598CE | French Wars of Religion |
| 1598CE | Edict of Nantes |
| 1571CE | Battle of Lepanto- Spanish victory over Muslims |
| 1648CE | Peace of Westphalia- Ended religious wars and Holy Roman Empire |
| 1618-1648CE | 30 Years War- Religious war turned World War |
| 1543CE | "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres" is written |
| 1610CE | "The Starry Messenger" is written |
| 1748CE | "The Spirit of the Laws" is written |
| 1762CE | "The Social Contract" is written |
| History | Study of the past through written documents (writing) |
| Archeology | Study of past societies through artifacts |
| Anthropology | Study of how people lived their lives using artifacts |
| Artifacts | Items that are uncovered through excavation |
| Excavation | Organized dig to uncover artifacts |
| Hominids | Earliest humanlike creatures; simple tools (stone) |
| Nomadic | Migratory; follow the food |
| Neolithic Age | New Stone; 7000- 4000 BCE; Firm settlemets & advanced tools; introduction of metals (copper) |
| Bronze Age | c.4-3000-1200 BCE; Copper & Tin; very expensive-stone still preferred |
| Civilization | Large numbers of people that share common characteristics |
| Mesopotamia | Fertile Crescent; Palestine to Persian Gulf; Tigris & Euphrates Rivers |
| Sumerians | 1st civilization; City-states; invented wheel, dome, arch & ziggurat |
| City-state | City expands to take political and economic control of surrounding areas; often not united & fought each other |
| Theocracy | Government by divine authority |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Cuneiform | Writing style; wedge shaped |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | 1st book; flood story |
| Sargon I | King of Akkad; 1st person in recorded history |
| Hammurabi | King of Babylon; codified 1st legal system |
| Egypt | Gift of the Nile |
| Unification of Upper & Lower Egypt | c.3100 BCE King Menes/Pharaoh Narmer |
| Dynasty | Rule passed down family line |
| Old Kingdom | 2700-2200 BCE; Buildings-temples & tombs |
| Middle Kingdom | c.2050-1652 BCE; Golden Age; Public works, peace & prosperity |
| New Kingdom | 1567-1085 BCE; Empire expansion; Reigns of Hatshepsut, Akenaten & Tutenkamun |
| Hieroglyphics | Drawings that represent words, letters, or numbers |
| Hieratic | Script writing; less formal |
| Minoan Crete | c.2000-1450 BCE; Massive trade empire with capital @ Knossus |
| Hittites | c. 1750-1200 BCE; Nomads who settled in Turkey; used iron tools |
| Phoenicians | Set up colonies; derived modern alphabet from |
| Hebrews | Located in Palestine; religion was key in society; monotheism |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god |
| Reincarnation | Re-birth; soul moves on |
| Karma | Life force that a person has |
| Dharma | Natural law that affects ones Karma (positively or negatively) |
| Yoga | Stretching and exercises; calms self |
| Ascetics | Giving up all worldly possessions; elimination of all excess |
| Harappan | c.3000-1400 BCE; Native peoples of India |
| Aryans | Indo-European invaders from North c.1400 |
| Caste System | Racial and cultural system in India; established by Aryans |
| Brahma | Highest caste level; priests |
| Kshatrias | Warrior Class |
| Vaysias | Merchant Class |
| Sudras | Largest class; Harappans |
| Untouchables | Lowest class; considered less than human |
| Xia Dynasty | c.2000-1500 BCE; first unofficial dynasty |
| Shang Dynasty | c.1750-1122 BCE; first official dynasty |
| Veneration of Ancestors | Ancestor worship |
| Zhou Dynasty | 1122-256 BCE; longest lived dynasty |
| Mandate of Heaven | Zhou king had power over all things in nature |
| Filial Piety | Children care for elderly parents/relatives |
| Confucius | 1st teacher; focused on human behavior |
| Tao | The Way |
| Duty | Put aside personal needs and focus on family |
| Humanity | Compassion and empathy for others |
| Taoism | Rival of Confucianism; let nature take its course |
| Legalism | Humans were evil by nature; harsh punishments were needed |
| Qin Dynasty | 221-206 BCE; 1st unified China; Legalistic |
| Censorate | Governmental internal affairs |
| Qin ShiHuangdi | 1st Chinese emperor |
| Han Dynasty | 202 BCE-221 CE; removed legalism |
| Civil Service Exam | Used Confucianism to train future governmental employees |
| Sui Dynasty | 581-618 CE |
| Tang Dynasty | 618-907 CE; one of the greatest; massive expansion and prosperity/arts flourished |
| Song Dynasty | 960-1269 CE; weak dynasty; collapsed to Mongol invaders from the North |
| Pastoralists | Semi-Nomadic; raise & graze herds; move to different locations |
| Clans | Large extended family units |
| Animism | Belief that spirits are in all things; spirits could be ancestors |
| Griots | Storytellers; past down histories/traditions orally |
| Nok | 1st civilization in sub-Saharan West Africa |
| Nok Culture | c.500BCE-c.200CE; used iron |
| Djenne-Djeno | 1st city in Sub-Saharan Africa; built c. 250-200BCE |
| Environmental, Economic, Political | Reasons for migration of peoples |
| Bantu | An African parent language that spreads throughout the continent; also means "the people" |
| Bantu Migrations | c.3000BCE-c.1100CE; peoples that eventually migrated throughout Africa |
| Aksum | Powerful kingdom in East Africa |
| Aksumite civilization | c.300-700CE; gained power through trade with numerous civilizations |
| Kush | Kingdom north of Aksum; conquered by Aksumites |
| King Ezana | Powerful king that converted to Christianity |
| Ge'ez | Written language of Aksum |
| Terrace Agriculture | Build "steps" into hills/mountains; maximized available land |
| Stateless Societies | Society with no real governing/political system but balanced power through different ruling families |
| Ghana | 1st powerful W. African civilization |
| Ghana civilization | c.700-c.1100CE; started Trans-Saharan Trade; controlled gold & ivory |
| Salt | Trade good desired by W. Africa |
| Camel | Brought to Africa from Asia; better for desert crossing |
| Mali | Civilization that follows Ghana |
| Mali civilization | c.1200-c.1400CE; rises to power as Ghana falls |
| Sundiata | 1st great leader of Mali; re-established trade dominance |
| Mansa Musa | r.1312-1332; devout Muslim; brough Arab scholars back to W.Africa |
| Ibn Battuta | Muslim scholar who documented his travels in Africa & Middle East |
| Songhai | Civilization that follows Mali |
| Moroccans | Conquered Songhai using firearms |
| Sunni Ali | r.1464-1492CE; 1st powerful ruler in Songhai |
| Beringa | Land bridge connecting Asia & N. America |
| c.3400BCE | Maize becomes staple crop in the Americas |
| Olmecs | 1st civilization in Mesoamerica |
| Mesoamerica | Area of land between central Mexico & Honduras |
| Olmec civilzation | c.1200-c.400BCE; built temples & pyramids; left large stone heads |
| San Lorenzo | Built c.1150BCE; large urban city |
| La Venta | Built c.900BCE; 2nd large urban city |
| Zapotec | c.1000BCE-c.600CE; civilization built in Oaxaca Valley |
| Monte Alban | Built c.500BCE; 1st large urban area |
| Zapotec calendar | Based on movements of the sun |
| Chavin | 1st civilization in South America |
| Chavin civilization | c.900-c.200BCE; founded in the Andes Mtns.; probably religious instead of political civilization |
| Nazca | Founded on the southern coast of Peru |
| Nazca civilization | c.200BCE-c.600CE; developed irrigation & underground canals; Nazca lines |
| Moche | Civilization built in Andes Mtns. |
| Moche civilization | c.100-c.700CE; good farmland; tomb artifacts give good insight into civilization; wealthy; possible practice of human sacrifice |
| Maya | Civilization located in Central America; Yucatan Peninsula-El Salvador |
| Mayan civilization | c.200BCE-c.900CE; consisted of self governing city-states with priest-kings ruling |
| Classical Mayan Period | c.200-c.900CE; period of highest achievement of Mayan civilization |
| 260 days | Mayan religious calendar |
| 365 days | Mayan solar calendar |
| Glyphs | Mayan written language; pictures could stand for words or syllables |
| Codex | Glyphs written in a bark-paper book; only 3 survive today |
| Popol Vuh | Mayan story of creation |
| Aztecs | Civilization founded in Central Mexico |
| Aztec civilization | c.1200-c.1500CE; warlike peoples who built their capital city on an island in a lake |
| Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital city |
| Quetzalcoatl | God shared by many Mesoamerican civilizations including the Aztecs & Maya |
| Chinampas | Floating Gardens; farmland made from floating beds |
| Aztec calendar | Adopted from Maya |
| Montezuma II | Aztec emperor at the time of Spanish arrival |
| Inca | Civilization built in and along the Andes Mountains |
| Incan civilization | c.1200-c.1500CE; largest empire in the Americas |
| Pachacuti | Inca leader who "created" the empire |
| Quechua | Official spoken language |
| Quipu | Knotted strings; used to keep records |
| Mita | Mandated labor for the state from each subject |
| Chasquis | Carried messages along the length of the empire on the roads |
| Feudal System | Social and Economic System used during the Middle Ages |
| Pepin the Short | Father of Charlemange |
| Holy Roman Empire | Empire under Charlemange |
| Clovis | 1st barbarian king to be baptized Christian |
| Charles Martel | Defeats Muslims at Tours |
| Vandals | Settled in North Africa |
| Franks | Settled in France, Belgium, Holland, and Western Germany |
| Visigoths | Settled in Spain and Southern France |
| Ostrogoths | Settled in Italy and South East Europe |
| Bourgeoise | Middle class |
| Guilds | Business organizations that supervised economic activities of a town |
| Crusades | Drive Muslims out of the Holy Land |
| 1096-1099CE | First and only successful Crusade; captured Jerusalem & Holy Land |
| 1189-1192CE | Third Crusade led by European Kings; recapture Holy Land |
| 1202-1204CE | Childrens Crusade |
| 570-632CE | Life of Mohammed |
| 610CE | Mohammed informed by angel Gabriel that he was Allah's messenger |
| 622CE | Hegira to Medina; year 1 in Islamic calendar |
| Koran | Muslim holy book |
| Venice, Milan, Genoa, & Florence | Crusader staging bases that become rich and begin the Renaissance |
| 1347-1351CE | Black Plague |
| 1378-1417CE | Great Schism in Catholic Church |
| 1337-1453CE | 100 Years War (not really 100) |
| Battlements | Defensive structures; towers |
| Keep | Residence of lord |
| Moat | Water filled perimeter around castle |
| Draw Bridge | Retractable entrance |
| Profession of Faith | First Pillar of Islam; Belief in God (Allah) and Mohammed as his prophet |
| Pray five times a day | Second Pillar of Islam; Face Mecca |
| Alms to the Poor | Third Pillar of Faith; Give charity; money, food, etc. |
| Observe Ramadan | Fourth Pillar of Faith; 9th month in Muslim calendar; Holy Month |
| Hajj | Fifth Pillar of Faith; Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime |
| Gabriel | Archangel; Gave Mohammed the Koran |
| Mohammed | Founder of Islam; prophet of Allah |
| Seljuk Turks | Group that was attacking Byzantine Empire; reason for Crusades |
| Ottoman Turks | Conquered Byzantine Empire in 1453CE |
| Justinian | Strongest Byzantine Emperor; reconquered parts of Western Roman Empire |
| Theodora | Wiffe of Justinian; helped save empire |
| Hagia Sophia | Christian church built by Justinian; became mosque after Muslim takeover |
| Monophysite | Sect of Christianity; believed in single nature of Jesus |
| 1054CE | Christian church split |
| Great Schsim | Break into Orthodoxy and Catholic |
| Greek Orthodox | Christian church in the East; spoke Greek and had Asian influences |
| Roman Catholic | Christian church in the West; spoke Latin |
| Justinian's Code | Combined Roman laws with Christianity |
| Constantinople | Capital city of the Byzantine Empire |
| Richard I | English king during 3rd Crusade |
| Philip Augustus | French king during 3rd Crusade |
| Frederick Barbarossa | Holy Roman Emperor during 3rd Crusade |
| Nicholas of Cologne | 18 year old who called for the Childrens Crusade |
| Sunni | Branch of Islam; majority of Muslims |
| Shi'a | Branch of Islam; minority of Muslims |
| Ka'bah | Large building in the middle of the main mosque in Mecca |
| Dome of the Rock | Site in Jerusalem where Muslims believe Mohammed was called into heaven |
| Black Stone | Meteorite thought to be gift from Allah |
| Bedouins | Nomadic peoples living in Arabia |
| Anamism | Polytheistic; belief in spirits and many different dieties |
| Caliph | Religious and political leader |
| Bazzar | Covered market place |
| ShiHuangdi | First Emperor of China |
| Yuangdi | Second Emperor of Sui Dynasty |
| Wudi | Han Emperor |
| Legalism | Philosophy Stating All People Are Born Evil |
| Taoism | Rival of Confucianism (Passive) |
| Confucianism | Official Chinese Philosophy |
| Civil Service Exam | Started by Han to Test on Confucian Teachings |
| Censorate | Designed by Qin to Check on Govt. Officials |
| Great Wall of China | Completed by Qin |
| Pictographic | Symbols Representing Words |
| Zhou | Longest Lasting Dynasty |
| Filial Piety | Children Care for Parents |
| Mandate of Heaven | Heavens Grant Power to Rule |
| Veneration of Ancestors | Ancestor Worship |
| Silk Road | Arteries of Trade from China to Europe |
| Grand Canal | Major Project of Sui Dynasty |
| Terra Cota | Refers to ShiHuangdi's Clay Army |
| Tang | Greatest Dynasty Ever |
| Indus Valley | Foundation of Indian Civilization |
| Yellow Valley | Foundation of Chinese Civilization |
| Monsoon | Rain Systems that Hit South Asia |
| Harappa & Mohenjo-Darro | Harappan Cities |
| Sanskrit | Semitic Language |
| Vedas | Religious Texts |
| Hinduism | First Indian Religion |
| Buddhism | Offshoot Religion of Hinduism |
| Siddharta Gautama | Founder of Buddhism |
| Brahma | The Creator |
| Vishnu | The Preserver |
| Siva | The Destroyer |
| Enlightenment | Religious Awareness |
| Mauryan Empire | First Indian Empire |
| Theravada Buddhism | Way of Life and Not a Religion |
| Mahayana Buddhism | Total Devotion to Buddhism |
| Four Noble Truths U& Eightfold Path | Foundation of Buddhist Religion |
| Sati | Widow Burning |
