| A | B |
|---|
| alveoli | tiny air sacs in the lungs. 1 lung=300 million / 2 lungs=600 million alveoli |
| asthma | a breathing disorder in which the air passageways in the lungs constrict, causing shortness of breath. |
| breathe | to take air in and expel it out of the lungs |
| bronchi | bronchial tubes - pair of tubes between the trachea and the lungs |
| bronchiole | the lung's smallest air passageways that leads to the alveoli |
| capillaries | tiny blood vessels |
| carbon dioxide | a gas that is a waste product of cells when they burn food to release energy |
| cell | the basic unit of any living thing. Some living things consist of only a single cell, while others are composed of trillions of cells. |
| cilia | hairlike structures found in the air passageways of the respiratory system. Keeps particles from getting to the lungs. |
| diaphragm | a large muscle below the ribs that helps a person breathe |
| emphysema | Air becomes trapped in the alveoli causing them to enlarge and rupture. Breathing is difficult. |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that covers the larynx when a person swallows, to prevent food from entering the trachea. |
| esophagus | a muscular, mucus-lined tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach. |
| exhale | moving air out of the lungs |
| inhale | breathing in |
| larynx | located between the pharynx and the trachea; contains the vocal cords |
| lung capacity | the volume of air that the lungs can hold |
| lungs | two baglike organs in which the exchange of gases takes place |
| mucus | a sticky substance in the nose that traps dirt, dust and other particles |
| oxygen | a gas in the air that humans need to live |
| pharynx | the organ that connect the nasal cavity and mouth with the trachea and esophagus |
| respiratory system | the group of organs that allow the exchange of oxygen from the air with the carbon dioxide from the blood |
| trachea | the air passageway between the pharynx and the bronchi (bronchial tubes). |
| nasal cavity | the moist, warm cavity lined by mucus located just beyond the nostrils |
| vocal cords | two folds of tissue in the larynx that vibrate when air passes over them and produces sound |
| allergy | an over-reaction to an irritant carried into the body causing inflammation. Symptons may include sneezing, itching and skin rashes. |
| snoring | occurs when the soft palate and uvula vibrate due to the airway becoming partially blocked and the lungs being forced to work harder. |
| asthma | a condition that affects breathing often starting from allegies. Symptoms include wheezing, a tight feeling in the chest and coughing up mucus. |
| cough | enables you to remove irritating particles from your pharynx and air passages |
| cold | inflammation of the mucus membranes lining the nasal cavity. Infection caused by a virus. |
| pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs in which alveoli and bronchial tubs become plugged with thick fluid. |
| laughing | a long outbreath of air "ha" |
| sneezing | a way of keeping dust particles out of your lungs. Air particles are forced out of the lungs through the nose - 100 miles per hour |
| yawning | body's way of getting more oxygen to the brain |
| hoarse voice | strained vocal cords from too much shouting or singing |
| laryngitis | a condition where the mucus lining of the larynx becomes red and swollen resulting in hoarseness or a loss of voice |
| bronchitis | occurs when the bronchi and bronchioles becomes red and swollen - caused by a virus or bacteria |
| hiccups | occurs when the diaphragm involuntarily tightens so suddenly that air rushes into the lungs and the vocal cords snap shut |
| How to have a healthy respiratory system | 1.Exercise 2.Wash hands with soap and water 3.Don't smoke |
| gas exchange | oxygen diffuses though the alveoli walls to enter the capillaries of the bloodstream AND carbon dioxide leaves blood through the capillaries and goes into the alveoli |
| respiration | oxygen + glucose yields carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| Why do you breathe harder when you exercise? | to get more oxygen to your cells because your muscles are working harder -- the respiratory center in your brain tells you to breathe |
| ribs | moved by intercostal muscles |
| arched | shape of diaphragm when exhaling |
| flattened | shape of diaphragm when inhaling |
| trachea | tube protected by rings of cartilage |
| bronchus | Tube that air goes through from the trachea and leads to the bronchioles. |
| 21% | percentage of oxygen in the air |
| nitrogen | A gas which is not absorbed by the lungs |
| 79% | percentage of nitrogen in the air |
| 4% | percentage of carbon dioxide in exhaled air |
| intercostal muscles | muscles between the ribs |
| cartilage | at protect the trachea |
