| A | B |
|---|
| Location on a graph where the independent variable goes | X axis |
| Location on a graph where the dependent variable goes | Y axis |
| Aerobic respiration require | oxygen |
| Anaerobic respiration | occurs in the absence of oxygen |
| Number of ATP produced during aerobic respiration | 38 |
| Number of ATP produced during anaerobic repiration | 2 |
| Credited with discovering the double-helix structure of DNA | Watson and Crick |
| DNA | molecule that carries code for traits |
| Formula for photosynthesis | carbondioxide + water + sunlight yields glucose and oxygen |
| _____________ + H2O + sunlight yields | C6H12O6 and O2 |
| Color not absorbed by chlorophyll | green |
| Neutral on the pH scale | 7.0 |
| Protein monomer | amino acids |
| base | anything above 7.0 on the pH scale |
| acid | anything below 7.0 on the pH scale |
| Carbohydrate | simple sugars which contain C |
| Examples of carbohydrates | cellulose |
| Cell theory | cells are the basic unit of structure and function |
| Bacteria are ________ | prokaryotes |
| Prokaryote | most likely the first organisms on earth |
| Where we get oxygen | plants |
| Where plants get carbondioxide | organisms that go through aerobic respiration |
| Animals and plants go through ___________ to get energy from glucose | aerobic respiration |
| Cell | the basic unit of life |
| Tissue | groups of cells working together for a specific role |
| Organ | groups of tissues working together for a specific role |
| Organ system | groups of organs working together for a specific role |
| Organisms | groups of organ systems working together for a specific role |
| Organelle where is responsible for photosynthesis | chloroplast |
| Organelle that is responsible for respiration | mitochondia |
| Organelles found only in plant cells | chloroplast |
| Organelles found only in animal cells | centrioles |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | network of membranes responsible for transporting material through the cell |
| Cell membrane | allows material in and out of the cell |
| Semi-permeable | cell membrane |
| Lack a membrane-bound nucleus | prokaryotes |
| Contain membrane-bound nucleus and organelles | eukaryotes |
| Control center of the cell-acts like the brain | nucleus |
| Virchow | cells come from preexisting cells |
| Robert Hooke | gave cells their name |
| Van Leewenhoek | invented the first microscope |
| Father of genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| The study of life | biology |
| Prefix cyt- means | cell |
| Products of photosynthesis | glucose and oxygen |
| asexual reproduction | produces offspring identical to the parent |
| requires only one parent | asexual reproduction |
| polarity of the water molecule is the result of ____________ | unequal sharing of electrons |
| Why is water polar? | one end has a positive charge and the other end has a negative charge |
| cohesion | the tendency for like molecules to stick together (surface tension) |
| adhesion | tendency of unlike molecules to stick together (defying gravity) |
| transcription | the process of creating a strand of RNA |
| How are DNA and RNA different? | RNA is single-stranded |
| translations | the process of copying RNA to create protein |
| mRNA | carries codes from DNA in the nucleus to the other parts of the cell |
| tRNA | collects amino acid necessary for protein synthesis |
| organelles | specialized structures found within eukaryotes that have a specific role |
| rRNA | majority to ribosomes |
| organelle that produces proteins | ribosomes |
| organism with identical pairs pf genes for a trait | homozygous |
| genetics | study of heredity |
| the visible expression of genotype | phenotype |
| what we actually see | phenotype |
| actual genes of an organism | genotype |
| deoxiribose | sugar in DNA |
| ribose | sugar in RNA |
| shape of DNA | double helix |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration and does not require energy |
| osmosis | movement of water across a membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration and does not require energy |
| Adenine in DNA always bonds with | Thymine |
| Adenine in DNA always bonds with ___________ in RNA | Uracil |
| Cytosine in DNA always bonds with | Guanine |
| Cytosine in DNA always bonds with ______ in RNA | Guanine |
| One cell produces two nuclei with chromosome numbers identical to the original cell | mitosis |
| Metaphase | spindle-fibers attach and chromosomes begin to line up in the middle of the cell |
| Cell plates are only present during the division of this type of cell | plant |
| Homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are alike |
| Majority of the cell cycle | interphase |
| Stages of interphase | G1 |
| Stage of interphase when DNA is copies | S |
| Movement of material that requires energy | active transport |
| Movement from low to high concentrations requires ___________ | energy (active transport) |
| Homeostasis | maintaining a stable environment |
| Helps maintain varied environments in and outside of the cell | cell membrane |
| Produces 4 haploid cells | meiosis |
| Responsible for genetic variation and evolution | meiosis |
| sexual reproduction | inceases genetic variability |
| Sexual reproduction | meiosis |
| Uses genetic information from two parents | sexual reproduction |
| Which two cells are products of meiosis | egg and sperm |
| Mitosis produces | daughter cells |
| Meiosis produces | gametes |
