| A | B |
|---|
| anaphase | a stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosome separate |
| autosome | a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining an organism sex |
| binary fission | parent cell slits into 2 new cell that are both identical to the parent cell |
| cancer | a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth |
| cell cycle | repeating five phase sequence of eukaryotic cell growth and division |
| centriole | a rod shaped structure that appears during mitosis and is responsible for spindle formation and movement |
| chromosome | structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located |
| chromatid | one of a pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis |
| centromere | region joining two chromatids |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells |
| diploid | term used to indicate a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n) one set inherited from each parent |
| growth 1 phase | the first period of interphase in the cell doubles in size and the number of organelles doubles |
| growth 2 phase | the final period of interphase in which the cell undergoes rapid growth that prepares it for mitosis |
| gamete | haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing with another haploid cell (sperm & egg) |
| gene | section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule |
| genetic recombination | the process that results in chromosomes being rearranged in many different ways |
| haploid | having only one set of chromosome (n) |
| homologous chromosomes | a member of a chromosome pair, both of which are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry |
| interphase | period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions of a eukaryotic cell during which the cell carries out routine functioning, copies its DNA, and prepares to divide |
| karyotype | array of the chromosome found in an individual;s cells arranged in order of size and shape |
| mitosis | process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same number and kind of chromosomes |
| S-phase | the second phase of interphase in which DNA is replicated |
| sex chromosome | one of a pair of chromosomes that are involved in determining the sex of an individual |
| spindle | structure composed of centrioles and individual hollow protein polar fibers and Kinetochore fibers that moves chromosome apart during cell division |
| telophase | the final stage of mitosis/meiosis |
| zygote | fertilized egg cell |
