| A | B |
|---|
| Volcano | a mountain that forms when molten rock, called magma, is forced to the Earth's surface |
| Lava | magma that flows onto the Earth's surface |
| Pyroclastic Material | fragments of rock that are created by explosive volcanic eruptions |
| Shield Volcano | a large, gently sloped volcano that forms from repeated, nonexplosive eruptions of lava |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | a small, steeply sloped volcano that forms from moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material |
| Composite volcano | a volcano made of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material; also called stratovolcano |
| Crater | a funnel-shaped pit around the central vent of a volcano |
| Caldera | a circular depression that forms when a magma chamber empties and causes the ground above to sink |
| Rift | a deep crack that forms between tectonic plates as they separate |
| Hot Spot | a place on Earth's surface that is directly above a column of rising magma called a mantle plume |
