| A | B |
|---|
| phonetics | study of sounds made in the production of human languages |
| larynx | voice box |
| voicing | vibration that you feel from your larynx when you utter [zz] not [ss], the result of air being forced through a narrow sperature (the glottis) between two mucosal folds (the vocal cords) in the larynx |
| stop | glottis completely but briefly blocks air from passing in the throat |
| fricatives | air is forced through a narrow opening between the tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge |
| affricates | (stop-fricative) air is built up by a complete closure of the oral tract at some place of articulation, then released liek a stop and continued like a fricative |
| obstruents | because the share the phonetic property of constricting the airflow through the vocal tract, fricatives, stops and affricates are together referred to as obstruents |
| approximants | produced by 2 articulators approaching one another almost like fricatives but not coming close enough to product friction |
| nasal | pronounced by lowering the velum, allowing the stream of air to pass out through the nasal cavity instead of through the oral cavity |
| flap | high velocity short stop produced by tapping the tongue against the alveolar ridge |
| diphthongs | a vowel sound for which the tongue starts in one place in the mouth and glides to another |
