| A | B |
| partilineal | describes a family where children trace their family line through their father |
| peninsulare | official sent by Spain to rule Spanish colonies in the Americas |
| per-capita | for each person |
| perestroika | restructuing of the Soviet economy & society by Michail Gorbachev |
| philosophe | French for philospher; during Enlightenment people who believed that using science and reason would lead to human progress |
| philospher | ancient Greece; person seeing wisdoma & knowledge through systematic study & logic |
| plantation | large estate operated by the owner or overseer & farmed by workers living on it |
| plebeian | member of class of common people in ancient Rome |
| pogrom | violent raid on a Jewish community, often conducted by government troops |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| prime minister | head of the cabinet in parliamentary governments |
| proletariat | working class |
| proliferation | to grow rapidly |
| propaganda | spread of ideas to further a cause or damage an opposing cause |
| purdah | practice of secluding women |
| quotas | part or a share required for each person, group or state |
| regionalism | loyalty to a small geograhpic area |
| reincarnation | rebirth of the soul in another bodily form (in Hinduism & Buddhism) |
| Renaissance | period frm about 1350-1600 where European scholars revived the learning of ancient Greece & Rome |
| republic | system of government where citizens who have the right to vote to choose their leaders |