| A | B |
|---|
| latitude | These lines are measured in degrees north and south of the equator. |
| longitude | These lines are measured in degrees east and west of the prime meridian |
| Prime Meridian | 0 degrees longitude - The main line of longitude which runs through Greenwich, England, where the official time is kept. |
| equator | 0 degrees latitude - This main line of latitude divides the Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres. |
| International Date Line | 180 degrees longitude - The line of longitude opposite the Prime Meridian. Part of the system that defines the time zones. |
| globe | A model of the Earth. |
| meridians | These lines are also known as lines of longitude. |
| parallels | These lines are also known as lines of latitude. |
| North Pole | A line of latitude located at 90 degrees north. |
| South Pole | A line of latitude located at 90 degrees south. |
| Tropic of Cancer | A line of latitude located at 23 1/2 degrees north. |
| Tropic of Capricorn | A line of latitude located at 23 1/2 degrees south. |
| Arctic Circle | A line of latitude located at 66 1/2 degrees north. |
| Antarctic Circle | A line of latitude located at 66 1/2 degrees south. |
| rotation | The Earth's movement on its axis. This movement causes day and night on the planet Earth. |
| revolution | The movement of Earth around the sun. It takes the earth 365 1/4 days to complete this movement. Combined with the Earth's tilt this movement is responsible for the seasons on the planet. |
| axis | The imaginary line through the center of the Earth on which the earth rotates. |
| cardinal directions | north, south, east, west |
| intermediate directions | northeast, southeast, northwest, southwest |
| oceans | These are known as the largest bodies of salt water on the Earth. |
| continents | These are known as the largest landmasses on the earth. |
| northern and southern hemispheres | These large sections of the Earth are divided by the equator. |
| eastern and western hemispheres | These large sections of the Earth are divided by the Prime Meridian. |
| autumnal equinox | The term for the first day of fall in the northern hemisphere. Day and night are equal at 12 hours each. |
| vernal equinox | The term for the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere. Day and night are equal at 12 hours each. |
| summer solstice | The tropic of cancer is closest to the sun - it receives direct rays. The arctic circle receives 24 hours of sunlight. |
| winter solstice | The tropic of capricorn is closest to the sun - it receives direct rays. The antarctic circle receives 24 hours of sunlight. |
| time zones | The Earth is divided into 24 of these using lines of longitude. |
