| A | B |
|---|
| Sumer | a southern region of Mesopotamia |
| Persian Gulf | Body of water into which the rivers flow |
| Tigris River | river on western boundary of Mesopotamia |
| Euphrates River | river on eastern boundary of Mesopotamia |
| Fertile Crescent | crescent shaped land of soil good for growing crops between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea |
| Land Between the Rivers | This is what Mesopotamia means |
| Ur,Uruk, Babylon, Nineveh | famous cities in Mesopotamia |
| Assyria | the land bathed in blood |
| Babylon | Great empire ruled by Hammurabi |
| Bible and Torah | holy books first written here |
| long growing seasons | what the earliest civilizations had |
| river | a natural feature that all four early civilizations had |
| Nile River | Ancient Egypt |
| Huang He River | Ancient China |
| Indus River | Ancient India |
| Tigris and Euphrates rivers | Iraq's rivers |
| Hammurabi | credited with writing down the first code of laws |
| Gilgamesh | first epic poem was written about this king of Uruk |
| Sargon | credited with having the first empire |
| polytheism | Mesopotamians believed in many gods |
| civilization | a highly advanced culture and complex society |
| monarchy | a form of government used in Mesopotamia |
| walled cities | built for protection |
| city state | a territory that governed itself, including the walled city and the farming areas |
| you fraidy cat | a phrase to remember Euphrates and Tigris rivers |
| E T | an abbreviation to help remember Euphrates to the east and Tigris to the west |
| ziggurat | a large, tall temple to worship an important god |
| king | the ruler of each city state in Mesopotamia |
| priests | religious leaders of Mesopotamian city states |
| scribes | people who are skilled in reading and writing and math |
| slave | a prisoner of war who did the labor in Mesopotamia |
| middle class | skilled workers, such as artisans |
| ruling class | king, priests, and government workers |
| sails, writing, and plow | inventions of Sumer |
| sixty second minute | the Sumerians loved "60" |
| lunar calendar | created to measure time based on the moon |
| artisan | a craftsperson |
| empire | many lands ruled by one government |
| cuneiform | the Sumerian form of writing |
| irrigation | a system of bringing water to crops |
| three thousand B C | approximate year in which Sumer was formed |
| Mesopotamia | flat plain between two rivers |
| Yellow River | the English version of Huang He River |
| criminal | a slave in Mesopotamia |
| debt | a person who owes goods or money is put into slavery |
| bronze | a mix of copper and tin people used to make tools and weapons |
| metalworking | the process of shaping things from metal |
| cradle | an image you can think of to refer to Mesopotamia because civilization was brand new |
| monarchy | a form of government used in Mesopotamia |
| agriculture | type of economy in Mesopotamia |
