| A | B |
|---|
| variables | any measurable conditions, events or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study |
| data collection techniques | procedures for making empirical observations and measurements |
| subjects | persons or animals whose behavior is systematically observed in a study |
| experiment | research method in which investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur is a second variable as a result |
| independent variable | a condition or event that an experimenter mainpulates in order to see its impact on another variable |
| dependent variable | thought to be affected by manipulation by the experimenter of another variable |
| experimental group | subjects who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable |
| control group | subjects who do not receive special treatment given to one group |
| extraneous variables | any variables other than the independent variable that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in a specified study |
| random assignment | occurs when all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition in a study |
| naturalistic observation | observation of a behavior withoiut intervening directly with the subjects |
| case study | in depthy investigation of an individual subject |
| surveys | questionnaires or interviews used to geather information about specific aspects of a subject's behavior |
| median | score in center of a distribution |
| mean | arithmetic average of the scores in a distribution |
| mode | most common score in set of scores |
| correlation | occurs when two variables are related to one another |
| positive correlation | when two variables increase or decrease together |
| negative corrleation | occurs when one variable increases and the other decreases |
| inferential statistics | used to interpret data and draw conclusions |
| sampling bias | exists when a sample is not representative of the larger population being studied |
| placebo effects | occurs when subjects experience some change even though they are receiving a fake treatment |
| sample | the collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study |
| population | the much larger collection of animals or people that researchers whant to generalize about |
| experimenter bias | when researcher's expectations affect the outcome of a study |
| response set | a tendecy to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrealted to the content of the question |
| social desirablitiy bias | tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself |
