| A | B |
|---|
| patriarch | highest church official in Constantinople |
| icons | holy images |
| Justinian's Code | revised laws of Ancient Rome |
| Hagia Sophia | Church of "Holy Wisdom" |
| autocrat | sole ruler with complete authority |
| Cyrillic | alphabet used in Russia and Ukraine |
| Genghis Khan | "World Emperor", leader of Mongols |
| Batu Khan | led Golden Horde into Russia |
| Czar | Russian word for Caesar |
| Yaroslav | ruled Kiev during its golden age |
| Olga | princess of Kiev, converted to Christianity |
| onion domes | capped Russian churches in the Byzantine style |
| Golden Horde | ruled Russia for 240 years |
| steppe | grassland |
| boyar | Russian landowning nobles |
