| A | B |
|---|
| Sect | a small group within an established religion. |
| Judaism | a religion of the Hebrews- based on the writings and teachings of the old testament. |
| Judea | roman province that was once called Judah. |
| Messiah | means “savior” to the jewish people by scriptures and jewish prophets. |
| Yeshiva | schools or academies where jewish scholars studied and interpreted the scriptures. |
| Talmud | book of Jewish law - based on the torah (the five books of the old testament). |
| Nazareth | town in middle east where jesus grew up. |
| Galilee | geographic area where jesus taught – it was also a roman province. |
| 1 AD | - traditional birthrate of Jesus - means “year of our lord”. |
| Gospels | parts of new testament that deal with the birth & life of Jesus Christ (4 writers- Matthew, Mark Luke and John) . |
| New Testament | book of the bible that contain the teachings & beliefs of Christianity (written scripture spread Christianity) |
| Jesus Christ | he lived in Nazareth & taught in Galilee - his teachings formed the basis of a new religion. |
| Christos | Greek word that means “Messiah”. |
| Apostles | 12 men- closest followers & advisors of Jesus Christ- preserved Christian religion in its earliest stages. |
| Disciple | a follower of a person and his beliefs. |
| Epistles | part of Christian scripture contained in the New Testament written by Paul. |
| Parables | short symbolic story to teach a story - Jesus taught in parables. |
| Blasphemy | statement or beliefs that contradicts an established religious teaching |
| Crucifixion | hanging from a cross. |
| 33 AD | death of Christ (calendar dated). |
| Pontius Pilate | he gave the order to execute Jesus Christ for blasphemy. |
| Resurrection | Jesus rising from the dead - it is the fundamental belief of the Christian faith. |
| Peter | Jesus’s most trusted apostle- Peter was put in charge of Christian church by Christ - Peter believed that only Jews should become Christians. |
| Paul | a convert to Christianity- Paul said Christianity should be offered to anyone- he became a missionary |
| Gentiles | non-Jewish people- these were the people that were approached to convert to Christianity |
| Martyrs | people who were persecuted for their beliefs - these people are willing to die for their beliefs. |
| Why did Christianity grow so quickly? | 1Christ was historic figure 2 had written scripture 3appealed to the poor 4borrowed from other religions. |
| Catacombs | underground tunnel & buried their dead- Christians practiced their religion in catacombs to hide from the Romans). |
| Constantine | roman emperor who passed edict of Milan. |
| Edict of Milan | 313 AD this law made it possible for Christians to practice their religion freely in the roman empire. |
| Theodosius | roman emperor in 392 ad - he made Christianity the state religion. |
| Arius | a priest- he believed that Jesus & god were of a different substance- he also believed that Jesus was a human & god was spiritual. |
| Nicene Creed | 338 ad this creed is a statement of the church’s beliefs. |
| Augustine | North African who wrote the “city of god”- it was a history of humanity from a Christian perspective. |
| Latin | official language of that time. |
| Hierarchy | a level of authority. |
| Parish | one church and its surrounding territory. |
| Priest | member of the clergy who was in charge of a parish. |
| Bishop | - he was above a priest in the hierarchy - most powerful - controlled the diocese. |
| Patriarch | most powerful bishop from five major Christian cities. |
| Gregory the Great | he issued the petrine doctrine. |
| Petrine doctrine | document said Bishop of Rome would become the pope- based on historical event - Peter, apostle, was 1st bishop & head of church. |
| Pope | leader of the catholic church. |
| Roman Catholic | the official religion of the western part of the roman empire (roman catholics). |
| Eastern orthodox | the official religion of the easter part of the roman empire (Greek orthodox). |
| Inflation | a rise of prices caused by a decrease in the value of money. |
| Diocletion | was appointed by Diocletion - he was given the title of co-emperor - maximian ran the western part of the roman empire . |
| Rome | capital of the western roman empire. |
| Constantinople | capital of the eastern roman empire. |
| Edict of prices | a government order that established a price freeze. |
| Price freeze | prices stay the same - government controls them. |
| Constantine | (312ad) he issued the edict of Milan (Christians can worship freely in the roman empire) |
| Constantinople | - the capital city of the eastern roman empire - build by constantinople - conquered in 1453 ad. |
| Theodosius | he permanently separated the holy roman empire into east and west in 395 ad. |
| 395 AD | roman empire permanently divided. |
| Byzantine | name given to empire of the east (formerly known as the eastern roman empire). |
| Roman | - the name given to the empire of the west) formerly known as the western roman empire). |
| Germanic peoples | people from northern europe- migrated to italy because they were afraid of the Huns. |
| Wotan | mythological figure - head god of the germans |
| Barbarians | - germanic people were called this by the romans because they were believed to be uncivilized |
| Migration | movement of people from one area to another |
| Huns | asian tribe invaded eastern and northern europe - fierce warriors and great horsemen |
| Attila | leader of the Huns |
| Leo the Great | - pope who was given the credit of saving they city of Rome from the huns |
| Visigoths | group of people who settled in eastern part of Roman Empire- they destroyed the roman army |
| Adrianople | battle place - Visigoths defeated the romans (378 ad) |
| 410 AD | Visigoths invaded Italy and entered the city of Rome |
| Alaric | leader of the Visigoths when they invaded Rome |
| Gaul | now known as France - occupied by the franks |
| Vandals | group of people who sacked the city of Rome in 455 ad |
| 455 AD | Rome was sacked by the vandals |
| Franks | group of people who settled in gaul - now known as France |
| Angles and Saxons | Germanic tribe that settle in Britain |
| Odoacer | German soldier who seized control of Rome and made himself king of Italy |
| 476 AD | the fall of the Roman Empire |
| Byzantine Empire | empire of the east- preserved Greek & Roman culture- survived until 1453 AD while the rest of empire (Rome - 455 ad) collapsed. |
| Greek language | official language of the Byzantine Empire - replaced Latin - Greek orthodox religion was the state religion |
| Reasons for fall of the Roman Empire | 1 Poor emperors 2 Decline in values 3 High taxation |
| Reasons for fall of the Roman Empire | 4 Fought civil wars (destroys resources)5 Produce less foods (ground destroyed by civil wars) |
| Reasons for fall of the Roman Empire | 6 Economic problems (inflation)7 Barbarian invasions |
