| A | B |
|---|
| What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire & where was it located? | Constantinople located on the Bosporus Straits between the Mediterranean & Black Sea & between Asia & Europe |
| Why did Constantinople become so rich? | It was at the crossroads of trade between Asia & Europe |
| What did the Emperor Justinian do to accomplish his goal? | He reconquered parts of the old Roman Empire, preserved Roman Law; used Roman building designs; ruled as an autocrat like the old Roman Emperors |
| What was Justinian's Code? | Collection of all the Roman Laws & became the basis of law for the Roman Catholic Church & medieval rulers. |
| What was the Haggia Sophia? | Church of the Holy Wisdom built using Roman building techniques with a dome & arches |
| What was Emperor justinian's goal? | to restore the glory of the Roman Empire |
| Describe the Byzantine culture | a blend of Greek, Roman & Christian traditions |
| Which 2 groups permanently split in the Great Schism of 1054? | Roman Catholic Church in the west & the Eastern Orthodox Church in the east |
| Who was the Patriarch? | Head of the Eastern orthodox Church - he was appointed by the Byzantine Emperor |
| What was the role of the Byzantine Emperor in church affairs? | He controlled church affairs & appointed the Patriarch who was the highest official of the Orthodox Church |
| What did Byzantine Christians think about the Pope? | They rejected his authority |
| What were some other differences between the Catholic Church & Byzantine [orthodox] Church? | Byzantine priests could marry, but Catholic priests could not; Greek was the language used in the Byzantine Church while Latin was used in the Catholic Church |
| Over what issue did the Great Schism begin? | The Byzantine emperor oulawed the worship of icons [holy images of Jesus], and the Pope excommunicated the emperor |
| What were some achievements of the Byzantine Empire? | icons [holy images], mosaics, University of Constantinople, Copying ancient texts of Greece & Rome, preserved learning, was a symbol of the glory of Rome, preserved Roman law |
| Why did the Byzantine Empire decline? | the Ottomans invaded & destroyed Constantinople |
| Which civilization had a major impact on Russia? | Byzantine |
| What things did the Russians adopt from Byzantine culture? | the Eastern Orthodox religion, Byzantine art, music, and architecture |
| What did Byzantine Christianity set patterns for in Russia? | close ties between church & state [government] - Russian rulers controlled the church |
| How were Russian rulers like Byzantine emperors? | They were autocrats - single rulers with absolute power |
| Czar | Tile taken by Russian rulers, means "caesar" |
| What ethnic group expanded into Southern Russia? | Slavs |
| What city became the center of the first Russian state? | Kiev |
| What brought Kiev into the shpere of Byzantine influence? | trade between the Slavs & Byzantines |
| What did 2 Greek missionaries from the Byzantine Empire do in 863? | Changed the Greek alphabet so they could translate the Bible into the language of the Slavs, known as the Cyrillic alphabet |
| The exchange between the Byantine culture & Russian culture is an example of? | cultural diffusion |
| Who united the nomadic Mongols of Central Asia in the 1200's & what lands did he conquer? | Genghis Khan ["World Emperor", lans from China to Eastern Europe |
| Who led the Mongol armies into Russia between 1236 & 1241 & what were his armies called? | Batu [Genghis Khan's grandson], the "Golden Horde" [because of the color of their tents |
| What areas did the Mongols loot & burn? | Kiev & other Russian towns |
| After the Mongols conquered people, what kind of rulers were they & what did they require? | Tolerant [let people do what they wanted] as long as they paid the Mongols tribute |
| What important things did the Mongols tolerate? | Mongols allowed the Russians to follow the Orthodox Church |
| What did Mongol rule bring to the lands between China & Eastern Europe? | peace |
| What happened to Russian women during Mongol rule? | Women were totally subject to male authority in the household; husbands could even sell their wives into slavery in order to pay debts. |
| What did the absolute power of the Mongols serve as? What did Russian princes develop? | Russian princes gained a desire to increase & centralize their power without the interference from nobles or the church |
| What did Mongol rule cut Russia off from? | Contacts with Western Europe at a time when Europeans were making advances in the arts & sciences |
