| A | B |
|---|
| sonnets #s 18, 29, 116, 130 | Shakespeare |
| The Passionate Shepherd to his Love | Christopher Marlowe |
| the Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd | Sir Walter Raleigh |
| Holy Sonnet 10 | Donne |
| Meditation 17 | Donne |
| Easter Wings | Herbert |
| To the Virgins to Make Much of Time | Robert Herrick |
| Andrew Marvell | To His Coy Mistress |
| Richard Lovelace | To Lucasta on Going to the Wars |
| Richard Lovelace | To Althea from Prison |
| John Milton | How soon hath Time |
| John Milton | When I consider how my light is spent |
| Samuel Pepys | The Diary of Samuel Pepys |
| Swift | A Modest Proposal |
| Alexander Pope | Rape of the Lock |
| Alexander Pope | Know Then Thyself |
| Samuel Johnson | The Dictionary |
| James I and Charles I | both Protestant rulers,-both antagonized the people of Europe (for both political and religious reasons),both created religious controversy,both had clashes with Parliament,both believed in the “Divine Right” of rule (they were allowed to do whatever they wanted),Charles was worse than James |
| T/F- No single writer dominated the age. | True |
| the 17thC was a time of _______. | searching for truth and certainty |
| Name the four types of writers in the 17thC. | Metaphysical poets,essayists,Cavalier poets, and Puritan poets/religious |
| The 17th Century was a period of _________ rather than __________ | diversity, harmony |
| Galileo | made great advances in science, said that the sun does not revolve around the earth, started controversy, throws off of the idea of the Great Chain of Being |
| What kind of writer was Francais Beacon? | essayist |
| Who is the father of modern science? | Beacon |
| who established the Scientific Method? | Beacon |
| What does metaphysical mean? | sharp, irregular, conceits- metaphor aimed at startling the reader |
| What kind of writer was John Donne? | metaphysical |
| John Donne | Born Catholic,Abandoned faith (for social/political reasons, or just because,Womanizer,with 16 year old, Anne More (Anne More’s family is not pleased, family finds the couple, John Donne is put in prison for a while) |
| James I is. . . | last king of the Renaissance or first king after the Renaissance |
| Restoration Period | 1660-1702 |
| James I ruled from | 1603-1625 |
| What did James do in 1604? | He made the Act of Uniformity.Everyone had to swear that he was the head of the Church.This enraged both Puritans and Cathlics. |
| What did Guy Fawkes do in 1605? | Tried to blow up Parliament when the king is present (assassinate the king),• Plot was discovered almost while he was lighting the gunpowder,o The Catholics are furious about James |
| When did Charles I rule? | 1625-1642 |
| True or false, Charles I had frequent clashes with Parliament. | true |
| Charles I taxed the struggling middle class to pay for a_________ | luxurious royal lifestyle |
| Who dissoved Parliament in 1642? | Charles I |
| Why did Charles I come to Parliament witout being invited? | • Comes into the Parliament without being invited in hopes of getting rid of the people who want to get rid of taxes |
| What is the result of Charles I going to Parliament uninvited? | Civil War |
| What happened to Charles I in 1649? | He was captured and beheaded. |
| What was the name of the group that opposed the king? | Roundheads |
| Who was the leader of the Roundheads? | Oliver Cromwell |
| What title did Cromwell give himself? | Lord Protector of the Commonwealth |
| Who were the supporters of the king? | the Cavaliers |
| How did the Cavaliers dress? | Extravagantly.They wore large hats and big lacey collars. |
| How did the roundheads dress? | dressed in somber colors, close cropped hair |
| T/F: Oliver Cromwell impose Puritanical ways nationwide when he assumed the title Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. | True |
| T/F: The Cavaliers believed that anything enjoyable was sinful? | False.The Puritans believed this.When Oliver Cromwell became the head of England, • imposed Puritanical ways nationwide (lived simple lives, nothing extravagant, games and frivolous things were evil, work all the time, no fun or pleasure ,allowed, were trying to purify the Catholic Church-wanted to get rid of everything, (including stain glasses, celebrations (including Christmas), etc.). he also • Closed theaters, ale houses-place to socialize and meet, gambling houses. |
| Who suceeded Oliver Cromwell? | Richard, his son. |
| Did Richard have any desire to rule England? | No |
| By this time, people were _________ of living Puritanical lifestyles. | tired |
| Who is invited to rule England because the English are tire of living Puritanical lifestyles? | Charles II |
| When was Charles II invited to become king? | 1660 |
| What did Charles II bring back to England when he took the throne? | brought back frivolous, gay, licentious lifestyle |
| What devastating event happened in 1665? | the Black Plague |
| How much of England's population died from the Black Plague? | 25% of people in London died. |
| After the Black Plague broke out in England, people were_______. | very fearful |
| What happened in 1665? | The Great Fire of London. |
| How many homes were destroyed because of the fire/ | 13,000 homes |
| Where did the fire start? | Pudding Lane |
| Why did the fire spread so much? | everything is made of thatch, straw, tar, wood, and connected to each other = HIGHLY FLAMMABLE. There is no fire department, burns for days |
| What does Charles II decide to do in order to stop the fire from spreading? | o Charles II decides to tear down houses in the path of the fire, so that the fire cannot spread = saves the city |
| What architect designed the new city after the Great Fire of London? | Christopher Wren |
| What did Charles II reopen? | theaters |
| T/F: the theater did not have a roof. | False. |
| What kind of plays were performed? | o witty and sophisticated (French influence), many comedies = not necessarily slapstick, more intellectual |
| T/F:“Picture frame” stage replaced the thrust stage | true |
| T/F: For the first time, woman were on the stage acting. | true |
| Who had an affair with Nell Gwinn? | Charles II |
| T/F: There were no great strides in science during the 17thC. | False |
| Who made religious controversy by his scientific views? | Galileo. He threw off the idea of the Great Chain of Being.(if we are not the center of the universe, what does that mean about our importance) |
| The 17th C was a time of searching for________. | certainty and truth |
| This was a period of diversity rather than_______. | harmony |
| The 17th C was a time of ______ rather than ________. | thought, feeling |
| What kind of writer was Francis Beacon? | essayist |
| What was Beacon's tone in writing? | concise, intellectual, practical, analytical |
| What is Beacon called and why? | He is called the Father of Modern Science because he established the Scientific Method. |
| The Scientific Method is a good example of people's desire for__________? | certainty |
| metaphysical | conceits—metaphor aimed at startling the reader,sharp, irregular |
| What kind of writer is John Donne? | metaphysical |
| When did John Donne live? | 1572-1631 |
| What faith was he born to? What faith did he convert to? | Born Catholic, converted to Anglicanism |
| Why was John Donne sent to prison? | He eloped with 16 year old Anne More. |
| John Donne was ordained___________in the Anglican Church? | minister |
| What was Donne named? | He was named Dean of St. Paul's |
| What years was George Herbert alive? | 1593-1633 |
| What kind of poet was George Herbert? | metaphysical writer |
| What was George Herbert noted for? | Noted for the 17th Century concrete poetry—pattern of words creates a picture |
| Who did the Cavalier poets support? | Charles I |
| What was the theme of the cavalier poets? | Carpe Diem "seize the day" |
| What kind of poet is Robert Herrick? | a Cavalier poet |
| What years was Herrick alive? | 1591-1674 |
| Who was the only one to fight in the civil war and captured by the roundheads? | Richard Lovelace |
| Lovelace (____-____) | 1618-1658 |
| Andrew Marvell (____-____) | 1621-1678 |
| T/F: Andrew Marvell used metaphysical conceits. | True |
| John Milton | Puritan writer, Born Catholic converted to Puritanism (disowned by family),highly educated,political Puritan pamphlets for Oliver Cromwell |
| Who was Milton married to? | Mary Powell (17 at the time) |
| Describe Milton's marriage. | Age discrepancy,Mary Powell was uneducated, she did not know what she was getting into, and they separate after the first month,Realized that the marriage had been a mistake, published a book about why divorce should be allowed. Mary and John eventually get remarried and have a fairly happy marriage.Mary produced 3 daughters. She dies during childbirth |
| What author lost his eyesight? | John Milton (glaucomoa) |
| Who was 1649 Appointed Council of State Under Cromwell | Milton |
| Who is considered the greatest epic writer? | Milton |
| What are the characteristics of an epic? | -serious, grand theme-invocation to the Muse (Greek rulers believed they were given divine inspiration by the Muses)-begins “in medias res” |
| What are the three categories of the 18th C? | 1.the Enlightment 2.The Age of Reason 3.Neoclassical Period |
| 18thC | 1702-1798 |
| The Restoration | 1660-1702 |
| When did Charles II reign? | 1660-1685 |
| What was restored in the Restoration? | King and religion |
| James II | 1685-1688 |
| What kind of Christian was James II? | Catholic |
| When was the Glorious Revolution? | 1688 |
| Who took the throne after the Glorious Revolution? | William and Mary |
| Who took the throne after William and Mary? | Anne |
| Who was the first Hanover King? | George I |
| 17th Century | search for the truth |
| 18th Century | ● Conviction of the man’s intellectual superiority ,hubris outlook,o no limit to how much the human mind could absorb, |
| Diderot | the first encyclopedia |
| Samuel Johnson | wrote a dictionary |
| What is trend of the 18th C? (religion) | Deism |
| What is Deism? | Detached view of God,God as Clockmaker,Universe as Clock, No expectation of Divine intervention, • Understanding the mind of God |
| People of the 18thC believed that | nature could be controlled |
| How did the people of the 18thC show control and perfection? | Formal gardens,Topiary |
| What was a social trend of the 18thC? | Coffee Houses |
| Why were coffee houses important? | Meeting place for poets and politicians-Classes mix -Middle class models upper class |
| Why was coffee so popular in the 18thC? | New import,Coffee—trendy, affordable,(upper class and middle class can enjoy) |
| What was the name of the first newspaper and when was it first published? | The Daily Courant -1792—1st daily newspaper |
| What was Tatler and the Spectator? | essay periodicals—one writer, published at regular intervals |
| What was the Gentleman’s Magazine | 1731- one editor and many writers |
| What was the first law that stopped plagiarism? | Copywrite Act of 1709 |
| What were the Literary Characteristics of the 18thC? | Aristocratic courtliness (Age of manners,nothing vulger or country-like),Restraint and dignity, Sophistication and cosmopolitanism, ● Preoccupation with the here and now, ● Symmetry, balance and design, Artificiality, ● Critical and analytical spirit, Skepticism |
| What are the three literary divisions of the 18thC? | Age of Swift and Pope (satire),Age of Johnson,Age Pre Romanticism |
| Jonathan Swift | 1667-1745 |
| Jonathan Swift | ● Ordained an Anglican minister,● Called a “misanthrope”-one who hates mankind, loves the individual,● An idealist frustrated by the difference between the ideal world and reality,corruption, brutality ,● Bitter, scathing satirist |
| Alexander Pope | 1688-1744 |
| Who was ● Physically delicate as a child? | Pope |
| Who had spinal deformity stunted growth-caused physical & physiological pain | Pope |
| What did the 18thC people think about deformity? | they mocked it |
| Who hated the individual but loved mankind? | Pope |
| Pope’s 18thC Rules for Poetry | ●Write about things common to everyone● Do not write about uncommon strange●Imitate the Greek and Roman poets- write more polished than the poets before you |
| What did Pope perfect? | Perfected the heroic couplet- two successive lines that ryhme and complete thought |
| Who is most frequently quoted after Shakespeare? | Pope |
| Samuel Johnson | 1709-1784 |
| Who is the ● Epitome of the 18thC man-scholar, poet, critic and essayist? | Samuel Johnson |
| Samuel Johnson | ● Desire to master all knowledge,● The Dictionary was the most comprehensive English lexion,● Researched and wrote the Dictionary single handedly |
