| A | B |
|---|
| a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume | stress |
| stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle | tension |
| stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks | compression |
| stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement | shearing |
| a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust | normal fault |
| the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault | hanging wall |
| the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault | footwall |
| a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust | reverse fault |
| a type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion | strike-slip fault |
| an upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust | anticline |
| a downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust | syncline |
| a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level | plateau |
| the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface | earthquake |
| the point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake | focus |
| the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus | epicenter |
| a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground | P wave |
| a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side | S wave |
| a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface | surface wave |
| a scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place | Mercalli scale |
| the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults | magnitude |
| a scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves | Richter scale |
| a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through earth | seismograph |
| a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake | moment magnitude scale |
| the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph | seismogram |
| the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface | friction |
| the process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud | liquefaction |
| an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area | aftershock |
| a large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor | tsunami |
| a building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake | base-isolated building |
