| A | B |
|---|
| Stem, leaf, and root | The three main parts of a plant. |
| Leaves | The plant's organs for trapping sunlight and making food. |
| Stem | The plant support which stores food and allows for the movement of materials through vessels called xylem. |
| Roots | The plant's anchor through which all the water and minerals the plant needs pass. |
| The three basic characteristics of plants | They make their own food; they are usually green; and they usually don't move around. |
| Stomata | The small openings in the leaf through which water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide pass. |
| Cuticle | The waxing coating which protects the plant from drying out. |
| Epidermis | The thin layer that covers the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf. |
| Xylem | The tubelike vessels that transport water and minerals up from the roots through the stem to the leaves. |
| Palisade layer | This is where most of the food is made by the leaves. |
| Phloem | Tubelike vessels that move food from the leaves to other parts of the plant. |
| Nonvascular Plants | These plants lack xylem and phloem; do not have roots, stems, and leaves, and produce spores. |
| Examples of Nonvascular Plants | Liverworts and mosses. |
| Seedless Vascular Plants | These plants have xylem and phloem, have no flowers, and produce spores. |
| Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants | Horsetails and ferns. |
| Seed-bearing Vascular Plants | This is the largest group of plants; they have roots, stems, and leaves, and they produce seeds. |
| Gymnosperms | Vascular plants which produce their seeds on cones. |
| Angiosperms | Vascular plants in which the seed is enclosed and protected inside a fruit. |
