| A | B |
|---|
| nativists | people who opposed immigration |
| Know-Nothing Party | political organization founded by Nativists |
| middle class | social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor |
| Charles Finney | one of the most important leaders of the Second Great Awakening |
| tenements | overcrowded poorly built housing structures in cities |
| Dorothea Dix | woman reformer that helped change prison system and campaigned to improve the treatment of the mentally ill |
| Angelina Grimke | person who tried to bring southern women to the anti-slavery cause by publishing "Appeal to the Christian Women of the South" |
| temperance movement | social reform effort that encouraged people to stop drinking hard liquor |
| Sarah Grimke | argued that women should receive equal education and pay |
| common-school movement | effort to have all children educated in a common place |
| abolition | complete end to slavery |
| American Colonization Society | group that established the colony of Liberia for the resettlement of freed African Americans |
| emancipation | freedom from slavery |
| Robert Finley | minister who started the American Colonization society |
| William Lloyd Garrison | published the antislavery newspaper, the Liberator |
| Angelina and Sarah | sisters that were antislavery activists |
| American Antislavery Society | group founded by Garrison that demanded immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans |
| Frederick Douglas | former slave who published a pro-abolition newspaper called "The North Star" |
| Underground Railroad | a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitives or escaped slaves |
| Harriet Tubman | most famous and daring conductor on the Underground Railroad |
| Sojourner Truth | former slave who was an effective speaker for both abolition and women's rights |
| Seneca Falls Convention | convention organized by Mott and Stanton that launched the Women's rights movement |
| Declaration of Sentiments | women's rights document modeled on the Declaration of Independence |
| Quakers | one of the first groups to disagree with slavery based on religion |
| Horace Greeley | newspaper editor who became a strong voice for the abolitionist movement through the New York Tribune |
| common school movement | the effort to have children of all backgrounds in the same school |
| family violence, poverty and criminal behavior | societal problems that reformers blamed on the use of alcohol |
| speaking tours, newspapers, pamphlets, poetry, literature | ways that abolitionists spread their message about slavery |
| David Walker | wrote "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World" in protest of the African colonization movement |
| equal pay, right to vote, right to sit on jury, right to own property | main goals of women's rights movement |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | wrote "Self Reliance" that criticized Americans' reliance on institutions and traditions |
| transcendentalists | encouraged people to follow their personal beliefs, rely more on their own judgment and live simply, without regard to wealth and possessions |
