| A | B |
|---|
| excretion | The process of removing wastes and excess products from the body. |
| urinary system | Removes waste products from the blood so the blood can transport nutrients. |
| kidneys | A pair of bean-shaped organs that constantly clean the blood. They filter 2,000 liters of blood each day, cycling the blood through the kidneys 350 times each day. |
| nephrons | Found inside each kidney, more then 1 million of theses microscopic filters remove a variety of harmful substances from the body (including urea, which contains nitrogen) |
| urine | The yellow fluis that that remains in the nephrons after the blood has been cleaned. |
| urinary bladder | The place where urine is stored. |
| ureter | the slender tube through which urine leaves the kindney and goes to the urinary bladder. |
| urethra | The tube through which urine leaves the body. |
| urination | The process of expelling urine from the body. |
| hormones | chemical messengers in the body that control the balance of fluids in the body. |
| antidiuretic | signals the kidneys to take back water from the nephrons and return it to the bloodstream, making less urine. |
| diuretic | Cause the kidneys to make more urine, which decreases the amount of water in the blood (example: caffeine) |
| kidney stones | Form when salts and wastes collect inside the kidneys. |
| digestive system | A group of organs that work together to digest foodso that it can be used by the bosy. |
| mechanical digestion | The breaking, crushing, and mashing of food. |
| chemical digestion | Large molecule are broken down into nutrients. |
| enzymes | Break some nutrients into smaller particles that the body can use. |
| mouth | Includes the teeth tongue and gums. Both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth. |
| esophagus | A long, straight tube that uses peristalsis to squeeze food down into the stomach. |
| stomach | A muscular, baglike organ attached to the lower end of the esophagus. Uses muscular contractions to physically digest food while acid and enzymes chemically digest the food, craeting chyme. |
| small intestine | A muscular tube 2.5 cm in diameter whose inside walls are covered in nutrient absorbing villi. Most chemical digestions occurs here. |
| pancreas | A fish-shaped organ that makes the pancreatic juice used by the small intesting to neutralize the acid in chyme. |
| liver | Makes the bile used in fat digestion, stores nutrients, breaks down toxic substances in the blood, and makes cholesterol for cell membranes. |
| gallbladder | Temporarily stores bile. |
| large intestine | Store, compacts, and then eliminates indigestible material from the body. |
