| A | B |
|---|
| stress | the forces that push and pull on the Earth's crust |
| crust | the surface layer of the earth |
| deformation | in geology, any change in the original shape or volume of rocks |
| compression | the type of stress that squeezes rocks together |
| tension | the type of stress that pulls rocks apart |
| shearing | the type of stress that pushes rocks in the crust in two opposite, horizontal directions |
| fracture | a break or crack in rocks |
| fault | a break or crack along which rocks move |
| hanging wall | the block of rock above a fault |
| foot wall | the block of rock below a fault |
| normal fault | a fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall |
| reverse fault | a fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall |
| thrust fault | a reverse fault in which the hanging wall slides over the foot wall |
| lateral fault (also known as a strike slip fault and transform fault) | a fault along which the blocks move horizontally past each other |
| fault-block mountain | a mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted from normal faults |
| rift valley | a valley formed when the block of land between two normal faults slides downword |
| fold | a bend in rock |
| anticline | a upward fold in rock |
| syncline | a downward fold in rock |
| dome | a raised area shaped roughly like the top half of a sphere, often formed by magma pushing upward on the rock layers above it |
| plateau | a large area of flat land that is raised high above sea level and that consists of horizontal rock layers |
| mantle | the layer of the Earth that extends from the bottom of the crust to the core |
| isostasy | the balancing of the downword force of the crust and the upward force of the mantle |
