| A | B |
|---|
| Antivirus software | Utility programs that prevent infection, or scan a system to detect and remove viruses. McAfee Associates VirusScan and Norton AntiVirus are two popular AV packages |
| Basic drive | In Windows 2000, a drive that uses a partition table at the beginning of the drive to hold information about the drive’s primary and extended partitions. Compare to dynamic drive. |
| Boot sector virus | An infectious program that can replace the boot program with a modified, infected version of the boot command utilities, often causing boot and data retrieval problems. |
| Child parent grandparent backup method | A plan for backing up and reusing tapes or removable disks by rotating them each week (child), month (parent), and year (grandparent). |
| Data cartridge | A type of tape medium typically used for backups. Full-sized data cartridges are 4 3 6 3 5⁄8 inches in size. A minicartridge is only 31⁄4 3 21⁄2 3 3⁄5 inches. |
| Differential backup | Backs up only files that have changed or have been created since the last full backup. When recovering data, only two backups are needed: the full backup and the last differential backup. |
| Disk cloning | Making an exact image of a hard drive including partition information, boot sectors, operating system installation and applications software to replicate the hard drive on another system or recover from a hard drive crash. Also called disk imaging. |
| Disk duplexing | An improvement of disk mirroring, whereby redundant data is written to two or more drives, and each hard drive has its own adapter card. This provides greater protection than disk mirroring. |
| Disk imaging | Same as Disk cloning |
| Disk mirroring | A strategy whereby the same data is written to two hard drives in a computer, to safeguard against hard drive failure. Disk mirroring uses only a single adapter for two drives. |
| Disk striping | Treating multiple hard drives as a single volume. Data is written across the multiple drives in small segments, in order to increase performance and logical disk volume, and, when parity is also used, to provide fault tolerance. RAID 5 is disk striping with an additional drive for parity. |
| Dynamic drive | In Windows 2000, a hard drive that uses a 1-MB database written at the end of the drive to hold information about volumes on the drive and RAID setup information. |
| Encrypting virus | A type of virus that transforms itself into a nonreplicating program in order to avoid detection. It transforms itself back into a replicating program in order to spread. |
| Fault tolerance | The degree to which a system can tolerate failures. Adding redundant components, such as disk mirroring or disk duplexing, is a way to build in fault tolerance. |
| File virus | A virus that inserts virus code into an executable program and can spread whenever that program is accessed. |
| Full backup | A complete backup, whereby all of the files on the hard drive are backed up each time the backup procedure is performed. It is the safest backup method, but it takes the most time. |
| Incremental backup | A time-saving backup method that only backs up files changed or newly created since the last full or incremental backup. Multiple incremental backups might be required when recovering lost data. |
| Infestation | Any unwanted program that is transmitted to a computer without the user’s knowledge and that is designed to do varying degrees of damage to data and software. There are a number of different types of infestations, including viruses, Trojan horses, worms, and time bombs, among others. |
| Macro | A small sequence of commands, contained within a document, that can be automatically executed when the document is loaded, or executed later by using a predetermined keystroke. |
| Macro virus | A virus that can hide in the macros of a document file. Typically, viruses do not reside in data or document files. |
