| A | B |
|---|
| Ave Caesar! | Hail Caesar! |
| Beneficiarii | Officer orderlies |
| Centurio Hastatus | Cohort commander |
| Metatores | Surveyors |
| Optio | Next in line for promotion |
| Sacramentum | Pledge of service |
| Speculatores | Scouts |
| Stratores | Horse grooms |
| Sterculinum | Manure |
| Agger | Defense wall |
| Fossae | Defense ditches |
| Vexillum | Red camp banner |
| Latrina | Latrine |
| Media Nocte | Midnight |
| Vigiliae | Four night watches |
| Cena | Dinner |
| Ientaculum | Breakfast |
| Farcimen | Sausage |
| Aquilifer | Eagle bearer |
| Balteus | Shoulder belt |
| Bucina | Signal horn |
| Caligae | Military hob-nailed boots |
| Cingulum | Waist belt |
| Cohort | 480 man unit made up of 3 maniples |
| Cornu | Reveille horn |
| Crista | Officer's helmet crest |
| Domine | Sir |
| Dux | Commander of multiple legions |
| Galea | Leather covered officer's helmet |
| Gladius | Short sword |
| Legatus Legionis | Legion commander |
| Lorica Hamata | Chain-mail cuirass |
| Lorica Scortea | Leather cuirass |
| Lorica Segmentata | Metal-strap cuirass |
| Lorica Squamata | Bronze-scale cuirass |
| Manipulus | 160 man unit made up of 2 Ordines |
| Ordo | 80 man unit made up of 10 tents |
| Paludamentum | Officer's red cape |
| Praefex Castrorum | Camp disciplinarian |
| Primus Pilus | Commander of the 1st cohort |
| Pugio | Suicide dagger |
| Sagum | Gray cape worn by foot soldiers |
| Signifer | Standard bearer; leads a Maniple |
| Subligaculum | Underwear |
| Stultus | Stupid |
| Tribuni Militum | Military Tribunes |
| Vagina | Sheath |
| Cassis | Metal helmet worn by footsoldiers |
| Contubernium | 8-man tent |
| Tunica | Military shirt |
| Vitis | Officer's baton |
| Falcata | Curved one-edged sword |
| Magnum Iter | Forced 25-mile march |
| Pilum | Thrusting spear |
| Sagitarii | Archers |
| Spatha | Long cavalry sword |
| Stultus | Stupid |
| Verutum | Throwing spear |
| Iter | A standard 14-mile march |
| Saccus | Backpack |
| Pali | Stakes |
| Rudes | Wooden practice swords |
| Germani | Germans |
| Librarii Caducorum | Keepers of Wills |
| Lituus | Cavalry horn |
| Nudi | Slingers |
| O Di Immortales | O Immortal Gods |
| Signa Referre | To retreat |
| Tuba | Battle engagement horn |
| Acies Triplex | Tripple Battle Line |
| Signa Inferre | to attack |
| Signa Convertere | to turn to one side or another |
| Phalanx | Greek term for a tightly packed arrangement of foot soldiers on the battle field |
| Corona Civica | Military medal awarded to a soldier who had saved thelife of a fellow citizen during the battle |
| Corona Muralis | Military medal earned by the first man to ahve gotten over the wall during an attack on a city |
| Corona Castrensis | Military medal to the first soldier to scale the wall of an enemy camp |
| Diploma | Certificate of honors presented to a soldier upon retiring from the legion |
| Exercitus | army |
| Pedites | Infantry |
| Equites | Cavalry |
| Legio | Legion |
| Ala | Squadron of 300-400 in the cavelry |
| Praefectus Equitum | Cavalry prefect |
| Turma | Troop of 30 cavalry |
| Decuria | Squad of 10 cavalry |
| Auxilia | Reinforcements |
| Calones | Camp servants |
| Muliones | Muledrivers |
| Mercatores | Traders |
| Miles legionarius | Legionary soldier |
| Evocatus | Volunteer |
| Centurio | Commander of an Ordo |
| Decurio | Commander of a cavalry squad |
| Quaestor | Quartermaster |
| Legatus | Staff officer |
| Imperator | title assumed by a general after winning his first important victory |
| Fabri | Engineers |
| Praefectus Fabrum | Chief of engineers |
