| A | B |
|---|
| a stimulus innately capable of eliciting a response | unconditioned stimulus |
| a stimulus that because, of learning, will evoke a response | conditioned stimulus |
| a stimulus that does not evoke a response | neutral stimulus |
| non-learned response | unconditioned response |
| learned response | conditioned response |
| antecedent events become associated with one another | classical conditioning |
| learning is based on the consequences of responding | operant conditioning |
| a set number of correct responses must be made to obtain a reinforcer | fixed ratio |
| a varied number of correct responses must be made to get a reinforcer | variable ratio |
| a pleasant or desired event follows a response | positive reinforcement |
| occurs when making a response removes an unpleasant event | negative reinforcement |
| is any event following a response that decreases its likelihood of occuring again | punishment |
| are natural or unlearned | primary reinforcers |
| are learned | secondary reinforcers |
| the first correct response made after the time period that has passed is reinforced | fixed interval schedule |
| the first correct response made after a varied amount of time | variable interval schedules |
| refers to understanding, knowing, anticipating, or otherwise making use of information-rich higher mental processes | cognitive learning |
| occurs without obvious reinforcement and remains hidden until reinforcement is provided | latent learning |
| if the result of some chosen response is pleasant or desirable, the organism is likely to repeat that behavior; if the consequence of some act is undesirable, the organism is less likely to act in that way again | Law of Effect |
| we learn to associate responses with their consequeces | operant conditioning |
| a well-learned conditioned stimulus is used to reinforce further learning | higher order conditioning |
| russian psychologist that conducted an experiment involving the conditioning of dogs | Ivan Pavlov |
| a set number of correct responses must be made to obtain a reinforcer | fixed ratio schedule |
| a varied number of correct responses must be made to get a reinforcer | variable ratio schedule |
| predicts that if you begin to reinforce a behavior that the individual is already disposed to perform, it may actually discourage the subject form continuing to do it | overjustification |
| states that one should identify what is reinforcing for a subject and then use it to reinforce desired behaviors that the subject is not so likely to perform on his/ her own | Premack Principle |
| ruminating on the problem and then having a relatively sudden solution | Insight learning |
| learning that is not demonstrated until the subject is reinforced | cognitive learning |
| is demonstrated when one tries to do something, continually fails, and then quits trying altogether | learned helplessness |
| Bobo doll experiment- teaches about observational learning | Albert Bandura |
| is achieved by watching and imitating the actions of another person or by noting the consequences of the person's actions | observational learning |
