| A | B |
|---|
| mitosis | the process by which a nucleus divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| chromosome | threadlike strands of DNA and protein in a cell nucleus that carry the code for cell characteristics of an organism |
| asexual reproduction | a type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one parent |
| sexual reproduction | a type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced by combining sex cells from two parents |
| sperm | the gamete or reproductive cell from the male parent produced in the testes |
| egg | in organisms that reproduce sexually, the sex cell (gamete)from the female parent |
| meiosis | the division of the cell nucleus to produce sex cells (gametes) |
| fertilization | in organisms that reproduce sexually, the fusion of an egg and a sperm (gametes) |
| zygote | in organisms that reproduces sexually, the cell that forms in fertilization |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; a chemical in the nuclei of cells that codes and stores genetic information; consists of strands of molecules that control cell activities using coded instructions |
| gene | the segment of DNA on a chromosome that directs the making of a specific protein, thus controlling traits that are passed to offspring |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; carries codes for making proteins |
| mutation | any permanent change in an organism's genetic material (DNA) |
| insulin | substance produced by the islets of Langerhans to help body cells use glucose in the blood for energy |
| islets of Langerhans | cells in the pancreas that produce insulin |
