| A | B |
|---|
| Savant | Individuals with serious cognitive limitations such as mental retardation who possess a remarkable talent in, for example, art or music. |
| Alfred Binet | Considered the father of intelligence testing. He was the first person to develop an intelligence test. |
| Stanford-Binet Test | Widely used intelligence test measuring an individual's "I.Q." |
| Charles Spearman | Postulated that there is such a thing as general intelligence and it is supported by specific abilites. |
| Louis Thurstone | Contended that there were eight primary mental abilities. |
| Raymond Cattell | Proposed a view of crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. |
| Crystalized Intelligence | The ability to absorb and retain information. |
| Fluid Intelligence | The ability to solve problems one has not seen before. |
| Triarchic Theory | Theory developed by Robert Sternberg which states that there are three kinda of intelligence: creative, practical, and analytical. |
| Theory of Multiple Intelligences | Theory developed by Howard Gardner which proposed that there were seven main types of imtelligences: linguistic, logical/mathematical, spacial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Recently, naturalistic intelligence was added, now making it eight intelligences. |
| Mental Age | Comparison of a person's chronological age to the previously determined average mental ability for that age. |
| Flynn Effect | A fairly recent finding that IQ scores in America have steadily risen in the last half-century, even while SAT scores have declined in the same period. |
| Achievement | Mastery of some body of knowledge or skills. |
| Aptitude | The ability to do or learn something in the future. |
| Projective Tests | Test where subjects give their impression of ambiguous stimuli (such as a picture, photograph, or inkblot) |
| Rorschach Test | An array of inkblots for the subject to indentify. |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | Requires subjects to tell stories about photos or drawings. |
| Standardized Test | A test given in the same manner, under the same time limitations, and with the identical instructions from administration to administration. |
| Reliabilty | Consistency of scoring procedures. |
| Validity | Whether or not the test actually assesses what it claims to assess. |
| David Wechsler | Created the Wechsler's Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler's Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) which are the most commonly used IQ tests. |
| Culture-fair test | A test (such as an intelligence test) designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others. A test (such as an intelligence test) designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others. |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | An adult intelligence test that rates both verbal and performance intelligence. |
| Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children | An intelligence test for children that rates both verbal and performance intelligence. |
| Individual intelligence test | A test of intelligence designed to be given to a single individual by a trained specialist. |
