| A | B |
|---|
| probability | mathematical statement about how likely it is that some event or effect will occur |
| risk assessment | uses data, hypotheses, and models to estimate the probability of harm to human health, to society, or to the environment that may result from exposure to specific hazards |
| cultural hazards | unsafe working conditions, smoking, poor diet, drugs, poverty |
| chemical hazards | harmful chemicals in air,water, soil, and food |
| physical hazards | noise, fire, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, ionizing radiation |
| biological hazards | pathogens, pollen, bees, snakes |
| toxicology | the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on health |
| toxicity | measure of how harmful a substance is |
| dose | amount of substance a person has injested |
| response | amount of damage to health of person |
| acute effect | immediate or rapid harmful reaction to an exposure |
| chronic effect | permanent or long-lasting consequence to exposure |
| bioaccumulation | increase in the concentration of a chemical in specific organs or tissures at a higher level than world normally be expected |
| biomagnification | amount of toxin is magnified as it passes through food chains or webs |
| poison | chemical that has a LD50 of 50mg or less per kg of body weight |
| medial lethal dose | amount of chemical received in one does that kills exactly 50% of the animals within a 14 day period |
| LD | lethal dose |
| toxic chemical | substances that are fatal to over 50% of test aminals at a given concentration |
| hazardous chemical | cause harm by being flammable, explosive, irritating or damaging to skin or lungs, interfering with oxygen, or induce allergic reaction |
| mutagen | agent that causes random changes to DNA |
| teratogen | chemicals, radicals, or vioruses that cause birth defects |
| carcinogen | chemicals, radiation, or viruses that cause or promote growth of malignant tumors |
| earthquake | abrupt movement of earth's crust |
| volcano | mountain built from successive lava flows where magma can reach the surface of the earth |
| ionizing radiation | electromagnetic radiation that can damage body tissues; ex. x-rays, uv radiation |
| nontransmissible disease | diseases not caused by living organisms that do not spread from one person to another |
| transmissible disease | caused by a living organism that can be spread from one person to another |
