| A | B |
|---|
| testosterone | male hormone produced by testes |
| secondary sex characteristics | physical traits appearing in adolescence that are not directly involved in reproduction |
| examples of male secondary sex characteristics | beard, deep voice, muscle development |
| female secondary sex characteristics | breast development, wider pelvis |
| follicles | tiny sacs in ovary where oogenesis occurs |
| approximate number of follicles | 400,000 |
| approximate number of mature eggs produced in lifetime | 500 |
| ovulation | release of mature egg from follicle |
| Fallopian tubes (oviducts) | tubes near ovaries which carry egg cells to uterus |
| uterus | muscular, pear-shaped organ where embryo develops |
| cervix | narrow opening at bottom of uterus |
| vagina (birth canal) | passageway that leads from uterus to exterior of body |
| oestrogen | female sex hormone |
| menstrual cycle | hormone-controlled cycle in human female in which uterus prepares to receive egg |
| 28 days | average length of menstrual cycle |
| menopause | the permanent stopping of the menstrual cycle |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | secreted by pituitary during follicle stage |
| oestrogen secreted by follicle causes this | build-up of the uterine lining |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | hormone produced by pituitary that causes ovulation to occur |
| progesterone | hormone secreted by corpus luteum;maintains uterine lining |
| breakdown of corpus luteum after 14 days results in the loss of this | loss of uterine lining (menstruation occurs) |
| fertilization | uniting of sperm cell with egg cell to produce zygote |
| human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) | secreted by embryo to maintain corpus luteum until formation of placenta |
| In vitro fertilization | technique of uniting sperm and egg in glass dish in laboratory |
| implantation | embryo in blastula stage enters uterus and attaches to uterine wall |
| chorion | extraembryonic membrane that forms the placenta |
| amnion | surrounds embryo and fills with amniotic fluid, cushioning embryo from mechanical shock |
| placenta | organ that allows contact between mother's blood and embryo's;acts as barrier to some harmful substances |
| gestation | length of pregnancy |
| labor | rhythmic contraction of uterus which dilate cervix and expel baby from uterus |
