| A | B |
|---|
| Algae | Plant like protists |
| Archaebacteria | Prokaryotes that live in harsh environments |
| Autosomes | Body chromosomes |
| Auxins | Group of plant hormones that promote cell elongation |
| Bacteria | Microscopic, single-celled prokaryotes |
| Binary fission | Process by which bacteria reproduce asexually |
| Chitin | Complex carbohydrates found in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeleton of insects |
| Chloroplast | Organelle where photosynthesis occurs |
| Circulatory system | Transports oxygen nutrients to tissues. Includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels |
| Cladogram | Branching diagram that models the phylogeny of a species based on the derived traits of a group of organisms |
| Commensalism | Symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefitted |
| Cuticle | Protective waxy layer covering fruits, stems and leaves |
| Dicotyledon | Class of plants that have two seed leaves |
| Dominant | Observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait |
| E.coli | A human intestinal bacteria |
| Endocrine system | System responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| Excretory system | Removes solid and liquid waste from the body |
| Frameshift mutation | Occurs when a single base is added or deleted |
| Gene | Segment of DNA that controls the protein production and the cell cycle |
| Gene pool | The total number of genes in a population |
| Genetic drift | The alternation of allelic frequencies by random chance |
| Genotype | The gene combination of an organism |
| Guard cells | Cells that surround and control the openings of the stomata |
| Homozygous | When there are two identical alleles for a trait |
| Immune system | System responsible for protection against disease |
| Incomplete dominance | Results when both alleles produce a third phenotype |
| Integumentary system | Skin and its derivates that protect against injury, infection, drying out, and thermoregulation |
| Karyotype | The photographic representation of an individual's chromosomes |
| Kidney | Organ responsible for maintaining homeostasis by filtering wastes from the bolo |
| Lichen | A symbiotic association between a fungus and an algae |
| Limiting factor | Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, reproduction, or distribution of organisms |
| Lytic cycle | Viral replication cycle in which a virus takes over a host cell's genetic material until the host cell bursts |
| Meiosis | Cell division that produces 4 gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| Meristem | Regions of actively dividing cells in plants |
| Mimicry | An adaptation that provides protection for an organism by copying the appearance of another species |
| Mitosis | Cell division involved in growth and repair |
| Muscle system | Produces body movement and generates heat when muscles contract |
| Mutation | Any change or random error in a DNA sequence |
| Mutualism | A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit |
| Mycologist | A scientist who studies fungi |
| Mycorrhizae | Fungi that grow on plant roots to help them absorb water more |
| Natural selection | A mechanism for change in a population in which organisms with favorable variations live, reproduce, and pass on their favorable traits |
| Negative feedback | When the response is opposite the initiating stimulus |
| Nervous system | System that responds to stimuli from the environment and controls the body |
| Nitrogen fixation | Process by which some bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia |
| Nondisjunction | Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |
| Organ | Group of two or more tissues |
| Parasitism | Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other |
| Pathogen | Disease-producing agents such as bacteria and viruses |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance of an individual |
| Phloem | Food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant |
| Plasmid | Small ring of DNA found in a bacterial cell |
| Platelets | Small cell fragments in the blood that help blood clot after an injury |
| Positive feedback | Increase in an output leads to an even further output |
| Protozoan | Anlmal-like protists |
| Pseudopod | Extensions in an Ameba that aid in getting food and in locomotion |
| Respiratory system | Responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air |
| Skeletal system | System needed for protection, support, and mineral storage |
| Species | The least inclusive group of a hierarchy |
| Stamen | Male reproductive organ of a flower consisting of an anther and a filament |
| Stomata | Openings in leaves which allow for gas exchange |
| Taxonomy | The science of classifying organisms |
| Transcription | Process where enzymes make a mRNA copy of a DNA strand |
| Translation | Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| Tropism | A plant's response to an external stimulus from a particular direction |
| Virus | Non-living particle that can reproduce when in a living cell |
| Xylem | Cells that transport water from the roots to the rest of the plant |
