| A | B |
|---|
| Crust | The Earth's thin surface layer of rock. |
| Mantle | Molten rock under high heat and pressure that has convection currents in it. |
| Atmosphere | Gases surrounding the Earth. (78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other gases) |
| Inner Core | Hot solid centre of the Earth. |
| Outer Core | Molten liquid surrounding the centre core of the Earth. |
| Mineral | Naturally occuring element or compound found in the Earth's crust. |
| Rock | Natural material found in the Earth's crust that are made up of one or more minerals. |
| Mohs Scale | Measures the hardness of minerals. |
| Lustre | Shininess. |
| Igneous | Rocks formed by magma cooling. |
| Metamorphic | Sedimentary or Igneous rock that have been changed due to high heat and high pressure. |
| Sedimentary | Rocks formed by pressure and compacting of sediments. |
| Magma | Molten rock in the Earth. |
| Lava | Molten rock on the surface of the Earth. |
| Southern Cross | A constellation in the Southern Hemisphere. |
| Light Year | The DISTANCE that light travels in one year. |
| Spring Tide | An especially big high tide. (Sun and Moon lined up) |
| Neap Tide | An especially small high tide. (Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other) |
| South Celestial Pole | A point in the Southern sky that the stars APPEAR to rotate around. |
| Retrograde Motion | When a planet APPEARS to move backwards in the sky. |
| Pangea | Name of the land mass that all the continents are thought to have come from. |
| Deposition | Sediment being laid down in an area usually by water. |
| Weathering | Breaking up of rock by water,ice and/or wind. |
| Erosion | Wearing away of the Earth's surface. |
| Extrustive Rock | Igneous rock formed from molten lava cooling on the surface of the Earth. |
| Intrusive Rock | Igneous rock formed from molten magma cooling underneath thr surface of the Earth. |
| Strata | Layers of rock. |
| Sediments | Small pieces of rock. |
| Tectonic Plates | Large pieces of the Earth's crust. |
| Continential Drift | Tectonic Plates are moving due to convection currents in the mantle. |
| Volcano | Point in the Earth's crust through which lava, gas, ash and pieces of rock move. |
| Earthquake | Release of energy as two tectonic plates move past each other. |
| Richter Scale | Used to measure the size of an earthquake. |
| Subduction | A tectonic plate diving down below another tectonic plate. |
| Fossil | The remains or trace of a plant or animal in sedimentary rock. |
| New Moon | From the Earth the Moon APPEARS to have on part of its surface lit up by the Sun. |
| Full Moon | From the Earth the Moon APPEARS to have its full surface lit up by the Sun. |
| Orbit | Path a satellite takes as it moves. (eg the Earth's path around the Sun) |
| Axis | Imaginary line through a planet that it spins around. |
| Day | Time taken for thr Earth to spin once on its axis. |
| Year | Time taken for the Earth to travel once around the Sun. |
| Phases of the Moon | The different shapes that the moon APPEARS to be in the night sky. |
| Solar Eclipse | Eclipse of the sun as the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. |
| Lunar Eclipse | Eclipse of the Moon as the Earth's shadow falls on it. |
| Satellite | An object which orits another body. Could be natural (eg Moon) or artifical. |
| Constellation | A named, recognisable group of stars. |
| Star | Ball of hot gas which gives out heat and light due to atomic reactions. |
| Ecliptic | The path that the Sun APPEARS to follow in the sky during the year. |
| Solar System | The sun and the group of planets (and their satellites) that move around it. |
